History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -6

Ancient Communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas -2

History of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand) - Part -6 

Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-2

                                                   Bhishma Kukreti

[Notes on Ancient History of Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Bageshwar Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Champawat Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pithauragarh , Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Almora, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Haridwar/Hardwar, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pauri Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Chamoli Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Rudraprayag Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of  Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas]

           Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand 

         Proto-Australoids are a hypothetical group of ancient hunting people originated in Sahara Africa. Around 65000 years back the migration started from Sahara, Africa. It is believed that Proto-Australoids developed the last Metal Age in ancient Uttarakhand.

  There are mentions of कोल, मुंड और शबर in Mahbharata (Bhishm Parv 56/9). The historians cant guess the exact timing of entry of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) in Uttarakhand. However, it is sure that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) in Uttarakhand before Aryans, Dravidians and Kirats came to Uttarakhand.  It is believed that when Kirat entered into Uttarakhand the Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) of ancient Uttarakhand became the slaves of Kirats and became part of Kirat culture. Some Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) communities of ancient Uttarakhand migrated towards north and a quite a few signs of languages, rituals and socials rules of present Kiratiyans of Bhotantik regions of Garhwal-Kumaun  are proof that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंडऔर शबर) in Garhwal -Kumaun .  Byangsi, Chaudangsi , Dar,iya, Rangkash languages of Bhotiya regions  (Tibet border) of Uttarakhand are the proof that there were Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर) before Kirat ,Aryans came to Uttarakhand as the words of Kol -Mundlanguages found Byangsi, Chaudangsi , Dar,iya, Rangkash languages.

                    The Kolish Affix and Suffix in Garhwali and Kumauni languages

  There are words in Garhwali and Kumauni languages where there are Kolish suffix and affix as ‘Gad=with water, Kol as

Name of Rivulets in Garhwal-Kumaun: Gulargad, Gweelgaad, Silgad, Mandulgad

The da, ta, gads are suffix of Kol languages and Alknanda, Jalaknanda, Sharda Rivers are examples of influences of  Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) culture.

The village names Amgadi, Dugadda, Bad, Badoli, Badyun; Barmoli, Birkaganv, Bilkhet, Birta are another examples the proof of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) living in Uttarakhand in ancient time.

 The Ta’Thya, Tya suffix on words are the symbol of Kol languages. There are words with suffix tya, ta, tha, thya etc as Fulta, Solta, Kolta, folti etc in Kumauni and Garhwali languages that suggest the existence of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) culture in ancient time in Uttarakhand.

The words as ळ , ऴ , ळा , ळि , ळी , ळु , ऌ, ळे , ळै abundantly  in Garhwali and in some parts of Kumauni also direct the historians that there were Kol and Dravidyans in Garhwal and Kumaun.

  The words Dom or Dom prefix/suffix in many names in Garhwal and Kumaun also indicate the existence of Kol-Mund in the regions.

                 Contribution of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand

The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities invented agriculture and invented agricultural appliances as Kudal, Kooti. Contour types of fields are invented by Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand. Fruit plantation is also started by Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities in Uttarakhand

Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities also domesticated many wild animals and birds. The communities also experimented wild plants for use of food or medicines.

The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities started astronomy Nakstr Vigyan researches and provide many words on astronomy and astrology as raka, Kahu etc.

            Social Culture of Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities   

          

  The social structure of Kol-Mund was primitive and used to believe in love before marriage or divorcing. The present culture of making Rambang, Hambaghar in Bhotiya regions of Uttarakhand are signs of social culture of Kol Mund culture.

   Burial was common in The Proto-Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities.

The deities were given signs of donkey, Bull, eagle, heroin, dog, buffalo, peacock, elephant, lion etc and still these deities are worshipped by Hindus.

  To please deities and god the Kol-Mund used to sacrifice lives of animals.

Using rice, turmeric, sindur at the time of rituals started by Australoids (कोल, मुंड और शबर ) communities.

References and Further Reading Suggestions:

Badri Datt Pandey, 1937, Kumaun ka Itihas, (second edition.) Shyam Prakashan, Almora (page 155-179)

Dabral, Shiv Prasad, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-2, (pages117 to321), Veer Gath Press, Dogadda, India

Dinesh Prasad Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas

D.D Sharma, 2009, Cultural History of Uttarakhand

Hari Krishna Raturi, 1921, Garhwal ka Itihas

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 5/4/2013

(The write up is for general readers and may not be properly suitable for history research scholars)

History of Garhwal –Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -7

Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…3

Notes on Ancient History of Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Udham Singh Nagar, Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Nainital Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Bageshwar Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Champawat Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pithauragarh , Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Almora, Kumaun, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Haridwar/Hardwar, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Pauri Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Chamoli Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Rudraprayag Garhwal , Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Tihri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of  Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas; Ancient History of Kumaun,  Uttarakhand, Himalayas to be continued…..