उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका

Sunday, May 19, 2013

भारतीय सटोरिया संघ की प्रधान मंत्री से अपील

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य

सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी

   हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ
    सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं

                        भारतीय सटोरिया संघ की प्रधान मंत्री से अपील

                               चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती (s = आधी अ )

आदरणीय प्रधानमंत्री अर सबि भारतीय !
                       अचकाल अखबार अर टीवी माध्यम हम सटोरिया अर हमर पाक, साफ़ अर दुबईमय, सबि भारितियोन कुण सुलभ व्यापार का बारा मा अनावश्यक, अनाप सनाप , अनर्गल भ्रान्ति फैलाणा छन। चूंकि अबि अबि जु द्वी चार क्रिकेटर पकड़े गेन वां से यूँ पत्रकारों तैं लग कि हमर पवित्र , इमानदारी से भरपूर , हिसाब किताब मा सही व्यापार मा कमी ऐ ग्याइ। हम यीं अपील से सबि भारतीयों तैं आगाह करदवाँ कि राजनीतीग्यों तरां जनता से कट्यां यूँ पत्रकारों भकलौण/बहकावा मा नि ऐन। हमर क्रिकेट , राजनीति अर अन्य खेलों पर आधारित सट्टा बजार बड़ा जोरूं से चलणु च उल्टां जौं तैं बि नि पता छौ कि बौलर की हरेक बौल पर सट्टा लगाये जै सक्यांद वूँ तैं बि पता चलि गे अर यूँ दिनु हमर शुभ्र, धर्म प्रिय सट्टा बजार माँ हजार गुणा इजाफा ह्वे ग्याई।

                  आदरणीय प्रधान मंत्री जी ! हम पर अभियोग लगाये जांद कि हम क्रिकेटरों तैं पटैक वूंका इस्तेमाल करदवाँ। हमर मानण च बल कि भारत एक प्रजातन्त्री देस च अर इख बेईमानी, देस की जनता का दिलों से खिलवाड़ , देस तै धोका दीण मा एकाधिकार कतै नि होण चयेंद। हमर मानण च बल देस तै लूटिक अपण घौर भरण पर खाली राजनीतिज्ञों अर सरकारी कारिंदों एकाधिकार नि होण चयेंद। हमर सट्टाबजार नेताओं अर अधिकारियों की लूट खसोट को एकाधिकार खतम करणों सबसे बेहतर, उत्तम नही सर्वोत्तम जरिया च। हम आम भारतीय जन चन्डेला, चौहान, अमित सिंह, आदि खिलाड़ियूँ तैं मौक़ा दींदा कि वो बंगरप्पा , जया जेटली, सुरेश कलमाड़ी, ए राजा, यदुरप्पा, रेडी ब्रदर्स अर समस्त टेलीकॉम उद्योगपतियों जौन गलादारी कार का पदचिन्हों पर चलिक ये भारत को बैंड बजावन।

   प्रधान मंत्री जी हम तैं आपकी पार्टी को दिग्विजय सिंह से बड़ी शिकायत च ऊँन एक बयान दे बल सट्टा बज़ार से जुड्या क्रिकेट खिलाड्यूं पर आजीवन बैन लगण चयेंद। प्रधान मंत्री जी ! जरा द्याखो त सै कि तुमर पार्टी को महासचिव की शरम ल्याज बि हरची गे। अरे जब कौंग्रेस गलादार नेताओं पर एक दिन को बैन नि लगांदी त यूँ क्रिकेटरों पर बैन किलै? जब मैच फिक्सिंग को लाँछनधारी अज्जरुद्दीन तैं कौंग्रेस अपण एमपी बणै सकदी त प्रधान मंत्री जी ! यूँ क्रिकेटरों पर बैन की बात करण कखाको न्याय च ?

   प्रधान मंत्री जी ! फिर यी पत्रकार हमर परम पूज्यनीय, प्रात: स्मरणीय सट्टा किंग मेकर श्री श्री दाउद की खुले आम तौहीन करदन। भारत मा एक नियम च बल दुसर धरम गुरु का बारा मा गलत शब्दों इस्तेमाल नि करी सकदन। हम बिलंच सटोरियों, बुक्कियों धर्म गुरु
दाउद जी छन। सब तैं अपण धरम गुरु से प्यार होंद। यो बताणो जरूरत नी च बल धरम गुरु की बेज्जतीs बदला लीणो बान इतिहास मा हजारों दें कत्लेआम ह्वेन। हमर धर्म अर शिक्षा गुरु दाउद इब्राहिम का बारा मा जू बि पत्रकार अब कुछ अंट संट ब्वालल तो ल्वैखतरी होलि तो हमर असली धरम सट्टाबजार पर लांछन या भगार नि लगैन हाँ!
   अर फिर यी पत्रकार लोग हमारी पवित्र , पाक, दुबई केन्द्रित, कराची संचालित- डी कम्पनी द्वारा हवाला की बात फोकट मा करणा छन। हमर बुलण च बल आइपीएल क कथगा इ फ्रैंचाइजी को हवाला द्वारा भारत मा पैसा लाण-लिजाणै सबि फ़ाइल इन्फोर्समेंट, इनकम टैक्स अर फोरें मनी डाईरेक्ट्रेट मा पड़ी छन। दक्षिण अफ्रीका मा जो आईपीएल का मैच ह्वै छया वांकी छांट निराळ कारो त सै। सरकारी अर गैर सरकारी स्तर पर यूँ सफेदपोश व्यापारियों काळो धंधा की पोल ख्वालो त सै त पैल्या कि हमारा महामहिम दाउद इब्राहिम का कारनमा यूँ सफेदपोश गलादारों समिण कुछ बि नी च।
प्रधान मंत्री जी ठीक च आप तो मौनी बाबा छन। पण यो तो आप बि जाणदन बल भौत सालों से भारत बिटेन ब्लैक मनी स्विस बैंको मा जाणो च त जरा ये ब्लैक मनी को जाण रुकवावो त सै फिर हम सटोरिया अफिक अपण धंधा बंद करी द्योला।
   प्रधान मंत्री जी ! जन राजा तन प्रजा ! जरा अपण दिग्विजय सिंह जी तै समझावो बल यदि शीर्सस्थ नेतृत्व पाक , पवित्र अर स्वच्छ आचरण अपनावो त प्रजा, व्यापारी बि स्वच्छ आचरण का रस्ता पर चौलल। पण जय देस का शीर्षस्थ हे दागदार होलु उख हम सरीखा देस खावो सटोरिया ही पैदा ह्वाल!
आपकु अपुण , अपणैसि माँ
सटोरिया संघ

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 20/05/2013
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

Political, Religious, Economical, Cultural History of Kuninda /Kulinda kings of Almora

History of Garhwal, Kumaon (Uttarakhand) - Part 47

Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-44

Historical , Political, Religious, Economical and Historical Characteristics of Kunindas/Kulindas Rule in Uttarakhand (200BCE-100AD) -4

(All the History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral)

By: Bhishma Kukreti

Historians found Kuninda/Kulinda coins from Almora those are of the time after the Kuninda/kulindraine or Kulinda coins of Amoghbhuti. There are four Kuninda Kings coins found from Almora and are called Almora Kuninda coins. There are differences regarding types and sizes between Almora Kuninda/Kulinda coins and other Kunindas coins found in other parts of North India. However, there are some characteristics on Almora coins that those coins are definitely supposed the Kuninda coins (Rapson). Dr Dabral and Dr. M.P Joshi (Morphogenesis of Kunindas) discussed these coins in details than other historians.

Historical Aspects of Four Kuninda Kings of Almora

Mrigbhuti or Margabhuti; a Kuninda King

At the time of Kuninda, the metallurgy science was at developing stage and there were some mistake in carving the coins for Brahmi or Kharoshti vowels. In one type of Almora Kuninda coin the words are M-G-Bh-T-S-. The coins are as of Shiv Datt coins. Dabral suggested by logical analysis that the king of such coins must be Mrigbhuti or Margbhuti.

Shivdatt: A Kuninda King

Sivdatas is engraved in this type of Almora Kuninda coins. The script is Brahmi. Nandi is standing before trailing tree. There is wave or cobra. Stage or other animal (?) is there.

On reverse, Nandipad and Indraysti are there as found on Kumudsen and Ajvarm coins from Ayodhya.

Shivpalit: a Kuninda king

There is rawness on the letterings of these types of Almora Kuninda coins. As the tradition was to ending the King name ‘itasya’ but on coins, it is Shivpalitas. There is deity or human image on reverse side of coins.

Time Period of Kuninda Coins of Almora Coins

There is very less disagreement among for supposing Almora coins as Kuninda coins of after the time of Amoghbhuti. However, there are some disputes among historians for the time period of Kuninda Kings of Almora Coins.

After analysis, Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral states the time period of Kings of Almora kings from 60 BCE to 20 AD. After, these kings, there was invasion of Shaka, Panchnad, Kuru on the territories.

Decline in Economic Conditions

The Kuninda Almora kings did not have their capital in Srugh (Today’s Sugh, Ambala, Haryana). It seems that after death of Amoghbhuti, Kunindas shifted the capital from Srugh (Sugh) towards east on Himalayan foothills that are Govishan (Kashipur Region of Almora). The four types of Almora Kuninda coins show that there was decline of economic, political and diplomacy conditions of Kuninda Kings/king. Govishan was on that time the one of the major business centers of North India.

Religions of Kuninda Kings of Post Amoghbhuti

It seems that the regions of post Amoghbhuti Kuninda supported Hindu or Sanatan sects than Buddhism as Amoghbhuti etc supported Buddhism.

The Kuninda Kings of Govishan (Kumaon) used to worship deities/goddesses as Vrikshdevta, Nag devta. It seems the worshipping of Nag Devta was spread more in the post Amoghbhuti Kuninda period in Uttarakhand.

There were conducible relations of Govishan (Kumaon) Kuninda with neighboring Panchal and Ayodha Kingdoms.

Economical, Political, Social, Cultural and Geographical Aspects of Kuninda Era

Panini’s Mahabhashya- There are various literature available about Post Mahabharata Kuninda communities. Pantajali or Panini wrote much about Kuninda in his Mahabhashya. Panini wrote about Srughnanagar (Srugh). Panini was court priest of Pushyamitra but travelled Kuninda region including Kankhal, Hardwar.

Himalaya: the Attraction for Tourists- There was great attractions for tourists for visiting central Himalaya or Uttarakhand. There are descriptions of Himalayan fauna and floras in Panini’s Mahabhashya. The Chamar cow and Gangajal of Ganges had significance.

The Pilgrim places of Uttarakhand had an important place in the life of Indians.

Shivalik of Uttrakhand – Shivalik region was famous for elephants.

Capital Srughna- Panini described about Srughna in full details.

Srughana was situated on bank of Yamuna. Today, Yamuna does not flow there and it seems Yamuna had changed the direction.

The City Srughana was protected by brick walls. The width of external wall of cities was wide and armed men used to walk on the protecting wall. It seems that on that period, there were the protecting walls for capital in Patliputra and Srughana.

There were wide Yamuna canals sounding the protecting wall of Srughana. There were folding bridges were used as doors on Yamuna canals.

There were residing areas and buildings for King and administrative employees; court, stores; arms stores in Srughana. There were entertaining places, taxation buildings. The roads were wide, elite statesmen used to live in palaces types of buildings, subject were inside the city .The low cadres of workers used to reside outer side of city.

The buildings had various facilities as drainage, windows, big courtyards, bathrooms, hangers, and separate place for keeping earthen lamps, good arrangement for closing doors.

There was difference between common men buildings and buildings for elite.

The works and properties of elite had importance for enhancing the fame and name of the city.

The palaces of Srughana and Patliputra were unique than other kingdom palaces.

Srughana had importance place for business roads or links. There were business roads/links from Srughana to Mathura. Sakal, Patliputra, Hastinapur, Kankhal, Magadh, Banaras, Kosal-Ayodhya and western parts of India.

Transportation in Post Mahabharata Kunindas Age-The transportation medium were animals as sheep, goat, bulls, buffalos, horses and bullock carts or buffalo carts, horse carts. The roads were comfortable of that age context.

The leather was used for cover of carts.

There were arrangements of Saray or Dharamshalas or motels in Bawar regions.

There were various medium for crossing rivers as leather bag etc. There were boats for crossing rivers as boats made by wood and bamboo or fruits of cucumber -Tumdi.

Villages and Village Life in Post Mahabharata Kunindas

Panini and or Patanjali travelled Bhardwaj (Garhwal) region extensively. Panini described two villages of Bhardwaj (Garhwal) –Krikarna and Parn. Patanjali described two Bhardwaj (Garhwal) villages – Ainik and Saushuk.

Houses-- Houses were made by mud, stones and wood. The archeological excavations in various places Uttarakhand around this and after Age this show various development in hose building techniques

Home utensils and appliances- The bedding system was developed than past. Cots, wooden wood pallets were used for sleeping and sting by richer ones. Clay /wood, stone vessels were common as bowl, pitchers.

There are evidences of metal appliances used by riches.

The vessels of storing cereals etc were made by wood, grasses and bamboo. There were agricultural appliances in uses.

Dresses of Post Mahabharata Kuninda Age- The dresses were –langot, Kachhauta (ghuttna), Kaybandh, Uttariya, ushniy ( Pagdi) , etc as dresses.

The hill people used blanket; woolen and hemp- dresses and leather dresses.

The ornaments were common for both sexes and all age.

Agriculture and animal herds – The main occupation was agriculture, domestic animals, forest produces. Goth system was thee at that age too. The today’s cereals were started sowing on that time.

Meat eating, taking liquor was common.

Social structure- Four caste system –Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaisya, Shudra were also common in Buddhist of hills.

Religious culture- The religious culture of Khasas –kirat of Mahabharata era, Sanatan or Vedic culture; Buddhism for a couple of centuries in plains of Uttarakhand, and Jainism in couple of places for some time were there. Travelling for pilgrim places in Uttarakhand was common.

Administration in Post Mahabharata Kuninda Age- Republic /Ganasngha/Janapada system was common. The previous kings were usually made governors by winners was common. Initially, collective wisdom was popular but slowly authoritative system took place. Perhaps making King as deity was also started at this time.

Tentative or Suggestive Time Period of Post Mahabharata Kuninda Age

Dr Dabral suggested following time period of Post Mahabharata Kuninda Age-

Gandhar Greek rulers

Demetrius- 192-167BCE

Demetrius Indian campaign -188-167 BCE

Menander era (149-70BCE)

Shunga Kings of Magadha

Pushyamitra- 184-148BCE

Agnimitra- 148-140BCE

Jyesthmitra- 140-133 BCE

Vasumitra -133-123 BCE

Post Shunga Kings- 123-72BCE

Kuninda of Kalkut (Kalsi) -Srughana

Republicans/Janapada/Ganasangh—232-200BCE

First founding King- 200BCE

Vishwadev, Agraraj- ?-103 BCE

Greece rule- 186-170BCE

Dhanbhuti first- 160-140BCE

Bridhpal, Dhanbhuti, Balbhuti second- 140-100BCE

Kuninda Kings of Almora/Kumaon

Mrigbhuti (Margbhuti), Shivdatt, Haridatta, Shivpalit- 60 BCE-20 AD

Contemporary Shaka Kshatraps of Mathura

Moga Shaka -77-58 BCE

Winning Mathura- 60BCE

Kshatrap Hagam- 60-40BCE

Hagan, Rajubal, Sondas and post era- 40BCE to 80 AD

(The write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -48

Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…45

[Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Kashipur, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , CulturalHistory of Nainital, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Almora, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Champawat, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Bageshwar, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Hardwar, Uttarakhand; History of Dehradun Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Tehri Uttarakhand; History of Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , CulturalHistory of Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand; History of Pauri, Garhwal, Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Uttarakhand; History of Bawar , Uttarakhand; Political, Religious, Economical , Cultural History of Rudraprayag, Garhwal Uttarakhand]

संजय दत्तन कथगा ग्राम हौग अर कथगा मिली लीटर मूत ?

गढ़वाली हास्य -व्यंग्य

सौज सौज मा मजाक मसखरी

   हौंस,चबोड़,चखन्यौ
    सौज सौज मा गंभीर चर्चा ,छ्वीं
                       संजय दत्तन कथगा ग्राम हौग अर कथगा मिली लीटर मूत ?

                                 चबोड़्या - चखन्यौर्या: भीष्म कुकरेती (s = आधी अ )
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर - सर ब्रेकिंग न्यूज मा क्या दिये जावो ?
समाचार सम्पादक -क्या क्या समाचार अयाँ छन।
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -सर एक समाचार अयुं च बल भारत मा स्लम मा रौण वाळु मादे सिरफ़ छबीस प्रतिशत लोगुं तैं स्वच्छ अर पीण लैक पाणि मिलद अर लगद नी च कि अगला बीस सालोंम यूँ तैं पीण लैक पाणि मीलल
समाचार सम्पादक -अर दुसर समाचार क्या च?
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -संजय दत्त को वकीलन कोर्ट मा अर्जी दे कि चूंकि संजय दत्त तैं फ्रांस से आयातित मिनरल वाटर 'इवान' को ढब पोड्यु च अर जेलम फ्रांस से आयातित मिनरल वाटर नि मिलदो तो संजय दत्त तैं भैर बिटेन 'इवान' मिनरल वाटर लिजाणो इजाजत दिए जावु
समाचार सम्पादक -वाह ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज द्यावो कि भारत तै आजाद हुयां छौसट साल ह्वे गेन पण अबि बि भारतीय जेलुंम मिनरल वाटर की व्यवस्था नी च। अचकाल अमूनन हर रोज मूर्धन्य नेता, उद्योगपति, बड़ा बड़ा अधिकारी, क्रिकेटर खिलाड़ि, फिल्म सेलिब्रिटी जेल जाणा छन अर अफ़सोस की बात च कि अबि बि भारतीय जेलोंम मिनरल वाटर की व्यवस्था नी च।
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -अर भारतीय गरीबो तैं स्वच्छ पाणि नि मिलणु च वीं न्यूजs क्या करण?
समाचार सम्पादक -गरीबो वास्ता पाणि नसीब नी होंद की न्यूज त रात लैक बि नी च। त भारतीय गरीबुं तैं साफ़ पीण लैक पाणि नि मिलणु को समाचार तै कूड़ादान मा फेंकि दे।
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर - सर सर ! द्वी संवाददाताओं ब्रेकिंग समाचार अयाँ छन।
समाचार सम्पादक -क्या क्या ?
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -पैल च बल यूनेस्को की रिपोर्ट्नुसार हिन्दुस्तान कुपोषण का मामला मा बंगलादेस का थ्वड़ा इ पैथर च अर स्तिथि भौत ही शर्मनाक च।
समाचार सम्पादक -यी संवाददाता ऐन जी ओ चलाणा छन कि हिंदी न्यूज चैनेल ? कुपोषण को समाचार मा क्वी सेन्सेसन च क्या ? दुसर ब्र्केंग न्यूज क्या च ?
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -दुसर समाचार च बल जेलम खाणा ठीक नि होण से संजय दत्तन कोर्ट से ड्यारौ खाणक खाणो इजाजत मांग।
समाचार सम्पादक - अरे वाह ! फटाफट ब्रेकिंग न्यूज दे कि भारतीय मा खाणक ठीक नि मिलदो। अर प्राइम टाइम पर 'भारत की प्रमुख ज्वलंत समस्या-जेल में कैद्यों को खराब खाना ' नाम से एक लाइव डिबेट को इंतजाम कौरो। पैनल मा भारत का नामी डाइटेसन, भूतपूर्व जेल अधिकारी, संजय दत्त को वकील , एक समाजशास्त्री अर कौंग्रेस अर भाजापा का प्रवक्ता तैं बुलावो अर डिबेट तैं गरमा गरम बणावो कि भोळ समाचार पत्र बि जेल में बदतर खाने की समस्या पर संपादकीय ल्याखन।
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -जी ! अर यूनेस्को की भारत में कुपोषण की बहुत बुरी दशा रिपोर्टो क्या करण ?
समाचार सम्पादक -तैं नॉन सेंसेसनल रिपोर्ट तैं वापस यूनेस्को इ भेजि दे
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -सर द्वी हौर समाचार अयाँ छन
समाचार सम्पादक -पैलि रिपोर्ट च बल इंडिया मा दो तिहाइ ग्रामीणु माँ हगण -मुतण याने पाखाना जाणै सुविधा नी च अर शहरो का भी बुरा हाल छन लाखों शहरी रेल पटरी या रस्तों मा ही खुलेआम टट्टी पेशाब करदन।
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -यूं गधा संवाददाताओं तैं समझावो कि बेकार खबर नि भेजा करें, भारत मा हगण -मुतण ( पाखाना ) सुविधा नी छन बि क्वी समस्या च या क्वी न्यूज च ? ये संवाददाता को डिमोसन आज ही होण चयेंद। दुसर समाचार क्या च ?
समाचार सम्पादक -दुसर समाचार क्या च?
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -सर ! संजय दत्त को जेल संबंधी समाचार च।
समाचार सम्पादक -हाँ हाँ चौड़ बोल क्या समाचार च?
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -जेल माँ स्वच्छ अर साफ़ पाखाना की सुविधा नि होण से संजय दत्त तैं हगण अर मुतण मा परेशानी हूणि च।
समाचार सम्पादक -संवाददातान अपण रिपोर्ट को समर्थन मा कुछ डाटा बि कलेक्ट करिन
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -जी हाँ ! जख संजय दत्त रोज तीन सौ ग्राम, एक सौ सात मिलीग्राम हगुद छौ उख संजय दत्त जेलम केवल चार सौ ग्राम अर नौ मिलीग्राम हगणु च।
समाचार सम्पादक -एक्सीलेंट ऐंड इम्पोर्टेंट न्यूज! अर संजय दत्तौ मुतणो बारा मा क्या खबर च
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -सर जेल मा साफ़ अर स्वच्छ टॉयलेट नि होण से बि संजय दत्त को पेशाब करण मा बि फरक पोड़ी गे!
समाचार सम्पादक - पेशाब की मात्रा कथगा फरक पोड़ ?
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -जख पैल संजय दत्त तैं रोजाना एक लीटर अर पांच सौ तेतीस मिली लिटर पिशाब होन्दि छे , जेलम साफ़ स्वच्छ टॉयलेट नि होण से संजय दत्त सिरफ एक लीटर अर चार सौ इकतीस मिली लिटर हि मुतणु च।
समाचार सम्पादक -वेरी गुड ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! ये संवाददाता को अबि प्रोमोसन कारो। फटाफट ब्रेकिंग न्यूज बणा कि भारतीय जेलों मा पाखाना की बड़ी दुर्दशा, कुदशा अर सरकार इथगा बड़ी समस्या होंद बि सियीं च
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर -जी संजय दत्त को हगण -मुतण संबंधी ब्रेकिंग न्यूज शुरू ह्वे ग्याइ
समाचार सम्पादक -अर सूण एक्स्ट्रा प्राइम टाइम मा एक डिबेट रखो जैक विषय ह्वालु -भारतीय जेलों में आधार भूत मानवीय सुविधाओन की अनदेखी। पैनेल मा यूरीनोलोजिस्ट, मनोवैज्ञानिक, एक डाक्टर , एक समाजशास्त्री अर द्वी राजनैतिक नेताओं तैं भट्यावो। डिबेट तैं हॉट बणाणै जुमेवारी तेरी च। डिबेट इथगा गरम होण चयेंद कि महाराष्ट्र का जेल मंत्री भोळ जेलों मा कैद्युं मलमूत्र दिखणो स्वयं जावन।
टीवी प्रोग्रैमर - जी वांक चिंता नि कारो डिबेट से मंत्री ही ना विरोधी पार्टी बि भोळ आर्थर जेल मा पाखाना याने टॉयलेट दिखणो जाला।
समाचार सम्पादक - वेरी गुड . बस तीन चार घंटा यूँ द्वी ब्रेकिंग न्यूज से सेन्सेसन लावो कि हमर चैनेल को टीआरपी बढ़ जावो।

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti 19/05/2013
(लेख सर्वथा काल्पनिक  है )

Kaffu Chauhan Jagar Gatha: The Great Chieftain of Garhwal who Refused Panwar/Pal Dynasty Rule

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Jagar of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarkahnd-30

Chivalry, Gallantry, Graciousness Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths, Ballads of Bravery of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand –15

Bhishma Kukreti

There were over fifty two small kingdoms/Gadh/Gadhi/Garhs in Garhwal before Ajaypal of Panwar dynasty rule. Devalgarh was the capital of Garh. Ajay Pal won the other kingdoms baring the chieftain of Uppu Garh. The chief of Uppu Garh was brave king Kaffu Chauhan. The Uppu Garh king resisted coming under Ajay Pal Panwar rule. Kaffu Chauhan fought the battle and sacrificed for his Uppu Garh regime till his last breath. The time of Kaffu Chauhan goes around sixteenth century.

The following lines about Kaffu the chieftain of Uppu Garh are taken from a drama ‘Antim Garh’ written by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna.

कुमाऊं और गढ़वाल की लोक गाथाएँ/जागर -30

कफ्फू चौहान जागर, वीर-वीरंगनाएं गाथा : भडौ , कटकू, भड़वळि या पांवड़ा, जागर

(Reference: Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna , Antim Garh)

तौंकी रघुवंशी घोड़ी सजिन मर्दों
तौंकी जामा की तणी टूटिंन मर्दों
तौन गंगा -जली धरियाले मर्दों
तौंन बखतरी जामो पैरयाले मर्दों
तौंकी ऐड़ी हथियार अड़ी गे मर्दों
तौंकी क्षत्रीय हुंकार चढि गे मर्दों
तौंकी पौंठिया का बाल बबरैन मर्दों
तों नंगी शमशेर चमकैन मर्दों
तौंक बावन बाजा बाजेन मर्दों
हनुमंती नीशाण साजेन मर्दों
कभी होल तो फोलेतो खेलदा मर्दों
कभी भैंसा , खाडू मारदा मर्दों
तौन खून का घट रिंगैन मर्दो
तों मुंडळौका चीरा लगैन मर्दो
तौं माई मर्दु का चेलो न मर्दो
तख भांगलो बुतणो करयाले मर्दो

Kaffu Chauhan was king of Uppu Garh near the bank of Ganges at the top shrine. Ajay Pal Panwar established his capital from Devalgarh to Shrinagar. He invited all chieftains of Garhs. Barring the chieftain Kaffu Chauhan of Uppu Garh, other chieftains attended the conference. Kaffu Chauhan sent the letter stating that he was Lion among animals, Eagle among birds and he would not accept the rule of Ajay pal Panwar.

Ajay pal sent his armed forces to win over Kaffu Chauhan of Uppu Garh.

The queen mother saw the huge army of Ajay Pal and suggested her son Kaffu Chauhan to surrender and accept the rule of Panwar of Shrinagar. Kaffu Chauhan told that the regional freedom is better than central authority.

In night, Kaffu Chauhan broke the bridge on Ganges. In morning, Kaffu started preparation for the battle of freedom.

Mother of Kaffu Chauhan told in person to Devu the army chief of Kaffu Chauhan that he would inform her about the result of battle. The mother queen said that if Kaffu die she would burn the whole Uppu Garh and would die.

In morning, Panwar army chief saw that the bridge was broken and he arranged boats for crossing his army men. The battle started.

By mistake, in confusion, Devu the army chief of Kaffu sent wrong message that Kaffu lost the battle and died.

Kaffu own the battle and came to his fort and saw that his forte was burning. He lost consciousness. In that period Panwar army captured Kaffu Chauhan and took him to Shrinagar. Ajay pal put condition for the life of Kaffu Chauhan to accept his rule over Uppu Garh. Kaffu Chauhan refused the rule of Ajay Pal. Ajay Pal ordered the army men that cut head of Kaffu Chauhan that his head fell on the feet of Ajay Pal. In the mean time, Kaffu gulped sands. When army man cut the head of Kaffu by sword the head did not reach to the feet of Ajay Pal.

Ajay Pal appreciated the pride of great Kaffu Chauhan. It is said that Garhwal King Ajay Pal lit the pyre of brave Kaffu Chauhan of Uppu Garh. Ajay Pal told that it was the win of Kaffu Chauhan.

Folklore, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Kumaon-Garhwal, Uttarakhand to be continued…31

Chivalry, Gallantry, gracious Folklores, Folk Legends, Folk Myths of Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand to be continued…16

Curtsey and references:

Dr. Krishna Nand Joshi, Kumaon ka Lok Sahitya (Folklore texts of Kumaon)

Dr Trilochan Pandey, Kumaoni Bhasha aur Uska Sahity(Folklore literature of Kumaon )

Dr Siva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Lok Nrityageet (Folk Songs and dances of Garhwal )

Dr Govind Chatak, Garhwali Lokgathayen (Folklore of Garhwali)

Dr. Govind Chatak, Kumaoni Lokgathayen (Folklore of Kumaoni)

Dr Urvi Datt Upadhyaya, Kumaon ki Lokgathaon ka Sahityik Adhyayan (Literary review of Folklore of Kumaon)

Dr. Dip Chand Chaudhri, 1995, Askot ka Palvansh , Gumani Shodhkendra, Uprada, Gangalighat

Dr. Prayag Joshi, Kumaon Garhwal ki Lokgathaon ka Vivechnatmak Adhyayan (Critical Review of Folklore of Kumaon and Garhwal)

Dr Dinesh Chandra Baluni, Uttarakhand ki Lokgathayen (Folklore of Uttarakhand)

Dr Jagdish (Jaggu) Naudiyal, Uttarakhand ki Sanskritik Dharohar, (Partially Folklore of Ravain)

Ramesh Matiyani ‘Shailesh’ 1959, Kumaun ki Lok Gathayen

Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Dhunyal (Folklore and Folk Songs of Garhwal)

Shambhu Prasad Bahuguna, Virat Hriday

Kusum Budhwar, 2010, Where Gods Dwell: Central Himalayan Folktales and Legends

C.M. Agarwal , Golu Devta, 1992, The God of Justice of Kumaon Himalayas

N.D .Paliwal, 1987, Kumaoni Lok Geet

E.S. Oakley and Tara Datt Gairola 1935, Himalayan Folklore

M.R.Anand, 2009, Understanding the Socio Cultural experiences of Pahadi folks: Jagar Gathas of Kumaon and Garhwal

Dr. Pradeep Saklani, 2008, Ethno archeology of Yamuna Valley

Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht, 1928, Gadhu Sumyal, Banghat , Pauri Garhwal

Kumaon: Kala, Shilp,aur Sanskriti www.himvan.com/webpages/dana.htm

Anjali Kapila (2004), Traditional health Practices of Kumaoni women

Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhy Tatva va Vivechana

Helle Primdahi, 1994, Central Himalayan Folklore: folk Songs in Rituals of the Life Cycle

Hemant Kumar Shukla, D.R. Purohit, 2012, Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theater in Uttarakhand, Language in India Vol.12:5: 2012 Page 143- 150

Dev Singh Pokhariya, 1996, Kumauni Jagar Kathayen aur Lokgathayen

Madan Chand Bhatt, 2002, Kumaun ki Jagar Kathayen

The chapter contains -Folk Songs, Folktales, Jagar about Uppu Garh; Folk Songs, Folktales, Jagar about great chieftains of Garhwal; Folk Songs, Folktales, Jagar about Brave men/women of Garhwal; Folk Songs, Folktales, Jagar about great warriors of Garhwal; Folk Songs, Folktales, Jagar about great Garhwalis; Folk Songs, Folktales , Jagar about who sacrificed for their motherland.

History of Garhwal, Kumaon (Uttarakhand) - Part 46

Amoghbhuti: the Most Eminent Kuninda/Kulinda King of 100BCE

History of Garhwal, Kumaon (Uttarakhand) - Part 46

Historical Aspects of Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas-43

Political, Religious, Economical and Historical Characteristics of Kunindas/Kulindas Rule in Uttarakhand (200BCE-400AD) -3

(All the History write ups are dedicated to great Historians Hari Krishna Raturi, Badri Datt Pandey and Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral)

By: Bhishma Kukreti

Amoghbhuti Kuninda Coins

The hoards of Kuninda/Kulinda coins are found from Garhwal and Kumaon ( Sumari, Bhattisera and Devalgarh (Pauri Garhwal), Athoor, Tehri Garhwal , Purola, Uttarkashi, Kashipur, Nainital and Almora ) apart from other places too. The coins of Amoghbhuti are important. The historian Dr. Gupta states that Amoghbhuti stands for Amogh and Bhuti the names of Shiva.

It seems the Kuninda kingdom was extended from Sutlej, Jwalmukhi, Ambala, Saharanpur, Garhwal and Kumaon.

Contemporary Rules at the time of Kuninda King Amoghbhuti Rule

The historians guess that Kuninda King Amoghbhuti got the throne around 100BCE. Panchal, Ayodhya, Kaushambi, Mathura were free from Patliputra Kingdom.

It seems that up to certain extent, though weakened, there was Greek rule (grandson of Menander, Appolophanes) over West of Yamuna, Shimla. Even, the Yaudhedhey were under Greece warriors.

At this time only, Yaudheya republicans freed south-western Yamuna valley and Amdumbar republicans freed lower Sutlej and lower Vyas Valley from Greece warriors. While, Kuninda king Amoghbhuti freed the regions of central Himalayan hills that is from Vyas , Satluj Yamuna , Garhwal, Kumaon including Saharanpur.

The coins found of this Age proof that these three republicans freed their respective territories from Greece at the same time. The Audumbar king was Gharghoss at the time of Kuninda King Amoghbhuti.

The silver coins of Kuninda (Amoghbhuti) and Audumbar republic of this time resemble with coins of Appolophanes in terms of symbols, scripts and manufacturing styles.

Ruling Time of Kuninda King Amoghbhuti

The silver coins of Amoghbhuti, Dhanabhuti of Kunindas; Gharghosh of Audumbar republicans were found together in a failed of Jwalamukhi of Himachal Pradesh. There is disagreement among historians about rule time of Kuninda King Amoghbhuti, historian Dabral suggest the timing around 100BCE. It seems that he died near 60BCe at the age of seventy.

Geographical Regions of Kuninda King Amoghbhuti

It seems the rule of Kuninda King Amoghbhuti was from Himachal, Srugh (Sugh) of Haryana, part of Garhwal and part of Kumaon. It might be that the ruled through republic representation as Asoka and Shunga ruled Uttarakhand though republic kings as their governors.

Amoghbhuti showed him as Maharaj on his cons. Amoghbhuti paid much attention of Maharaja than Kunindas words

Economic Development

Amoghbhuti was wise statesman as he publicized him as ‘Maharaja’. He spread his coins beyond his Kuninda rule. The spread of Kuninda coins as in Mathura means the spread of economic supremacy. His coins were competing with Greece coins. His capital was well connected with Sakal, Mathura, Ahichhatra, Sthanvaneshwar, Tamas (Upper Himachal and Shimla) , Tangan (Bhotiya region) Rank regions of Nepal and Kumaon. It seems the region of Amoghbhuti was running on the path of other Indian regions that is rise of mercantile communities.

Scythian (Shaka) Invasion and Kuninda Kingdom

Scythians of Iran also invaded North West India. They latter were absorbed into Indian communities. It is guessed that Scythians captured Mathura around 60 BCE. Srughana was nearer to Mathura and the road was easy too due to commercial attachment. Scythians also captured Kuninda of Srughana (Sugh, Haryana). That means the ruling time of Amoghbhuti was up to 600 B.C.E. or nearer.

Due to attack of Scythians on Mathura and latter on Srughana; the Kunindas shifted the capital towards east.

Scythians and later on Kushan rulers replaced the coins of Kuninda and introduced their own coins.

Personality of Amoghbhuti

Amoghbhuti was famous king of central Himalayan region. Many historians of his time wrote about Amoghbhuti. It seems he ruled the regions of Garhwal- Kumaon (Ranku, Atrey (govishan), Tangan, Bhardwaj); Srughna, Tamas ( Saharanpur, part of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. He was brave and wise, well versed about diplomacy, influencing factors of administration, foreign policies and economic policies.

The Kuninda king Amoghbhuti was expert of economics and knew the challenges and strategies of commerce. The Kuninda king Amoghbhuti was clever enough for understanding the contemporary characteristics of his neighboring regions.

The Kuninda King Amoghbhuti took clue from Greece kings for manufacturing his own Kuninda coins but he Indianite or indigenized them as per his own needs.

An Art Lover Kuninda King Amoghbhuti

The coins of Kuninda king Amoghbhuti are proof that he was art lover. The exclusiveness on his coins among other contemporary king coins show that Kuninda king Amoghbhuti knew or was well versed about the factor and importance of exclusivity, individuality.

The history speaks that after Kuninda King Amoghbhuti Kuninda rule was over from Haryana and major parts of Himachal Pradesh and Kuninda kingdoms/republicans were limited to hills of Uttarakhand.

(The write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -47

Ancient communities of Kumaon-Garhwal (Uttarakhand), Himalayas- to be continued…44

Political, Religious, Economical and Historical Characteristics of Kunindas/Kulindas Rule in Uttarakhand (200BCE-400AD) –to be continued…4