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उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका

उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका

Sunday, October 30, 2016

Sirtan and Paykast in Ibbetson Settlement in Garhwal

 Characteristics of Ibbetson Settlement in Garhwal -18 

                            British Administration in Garhwal   -74      
       -
History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -92
            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -929
-
                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)
-

    Traill writes, “When a Hissedar (land owner) is unable for cultivating the owner offers land to a cultivator for cultivating land on temporary basis and the cultivator is called ‘Sirtan’.  The Sirtan or cultivator offers 1/3 of land produces to the owner (tyad, tiar, tihar).  If there is shortage of cultivators, the owner takes only money as government levy.  Owner has right for dismissing Sirtan for cultivating rights. If in village, there is no Sirtan available the owner calls other cultivators from nearby villages. Such cultivators were called Paykast. Paykasti was nothing but a temporary way of keeping land fertile. Paykast system was too temporary and Sirtan has long time agreement between owner and cultivators. “
 In Traill time (1815-35, the cultivators were not easily available. There was a competition among owners for getting Sirtan or Paykast.  Owners used to offer land even without tax or Tihar.  The Sirtan or Paykast system was live till 1960 in Bhabhar or many parts of Garhwal. 
   Apart from Hissedar and Khaykar, other cultivators were put under Sirtan and there was confusion due to that system (Dabral).
 Initially in British Raj, owners had power for dismissing Sirtan. However, from 1925, the rule was made or judgment was offered that in case a Sirtan was cultivating land and living in village for long he could not be dismissed. Suchh permanent Sirtan were called ‘Maurusi Sirtan’. 
   In each village, Harijans were established by upper caste. Their job was helping owners or masters in various ways, ploughing, helping in marriage, carrying masters and pulling dead animals for disposals. Those were given position of Sirtan in later British rule. Gairola suggested them calling ‘Muafi Khidmati’.
   By 1925, the ownership of Sirtan and Khaykar was confirmed on land. Khaykar could offer land to other cultivators for temporary cultivation. 
   



Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 21/10/2016
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -930
*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
XX   
References  
 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 234-247
2-Ibbetson, A.W., Revenue Settlement of Garhwal District, pages 
3-Pauw, Garhwal settlement report, page 46
4-Stowell, V.A., Manual of Land Tenures in Kumaon division page 7
5- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts, Vol.3, 490-91
6- Tara Datt Gairola, Selected Revenue decisions of Kumaun. Page 222-223
Xx

History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;
History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;

Symbols, Images and figures of speech in poems by Dinesh Dhyani

Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 137
-
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
 Dinesh Dhyani is one of important poets of Garhwali poetry world of twenty first century. He uses symbols and figures of speech for creating perfect images.
A few symbols and images are as under in his poems 
प्रतीक /बिम्ब
नया पिज्जाबिसलेरी
बाटा-घाटापुगडि-सारि ,पटासुलकणि
आम सब शून्य ,ताळ अर बेताळ
वोट बैंक
पणसरूमति म्वारथैला से बिड्या
सल्लिराजनीति मा टल्ली
बोलि गूंगी
उजास ,लाटी
झिपलण्य बाटुगळया
दीप-धूप दिखौं
अजी क्य ब्वन्नघस कटै
जण्या-मन्या मनखि
हुयीं पजीं मौ
कविता बौळे गेछन्द खौळेगैंन
नै कौथिग 
कीडू कि ब्वै पण नागरजा को पुजरू
चांठौं का घ्वीड मंगतू
मुट्ट बोटि विकासौ सूरज
हमरू बांठौ उज्यळु अखळया-चखळयौं
नैणिताल बि ब्योलि बणीं
नेता भी प्रवासी ह्वैगिन
लाटी बाटा-घाटौं
तौं खुणि पोडिगे रात
मनख्यात कु छौ जोर
खिल्दा फूल हैंसदा पात
सैसरा बेटी मैतूडा जाणीं
दुध बोलि अलख ज्गौला
अपणु लद्वडिकु नि सुणदु
मौ मिटौण
गुसैं बिगरि छन गोर
मौ-मिटौण ग्वीलु-गुठ्यार बुज्या उड्यार
बग्दा मनखि रीता कूडा
कांठ मा कु
सूरज थैं
ढसाग
मौ मवासुभै-भयात
अपणां घर भ्वरणा
लम्पसार
गणमण-गुणमण
जून सि मुखडिअलमस्त हिरणी
खुद बिसराणु
पंछि तिसळागदन्यों छाल
सरकरि ध्याडी
धुरपळम दुबलु जामी
सौटकट
बीच धार मा
आन-बान अर शान
कटगडु होंदु
पुरख्यौं की धीत
मुखड़ी को मुलमुलाट
हासिल सच जीरो
Dinesh uses figures of speech marvelously in his poems 
अलंकार
आम  
दिल्ली जनु किदोला सि मडकेणां
चण्ट,चकडैत
राजनीति मा टल्ली
बोलि गूंगी
चटगताळ
नै नौ दिन अर पुरण सौ दिन।
अनाड़ि हत्थों
घस कटै
छाल पर बिटे तमसु देखि ल्या
गढभारती (संस्था और गढवाली भाषा  स्वयम में )
रूखि ढंय्यां
पे्रम प्यार पूजा होंद

Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries, Poems Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Poems, Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems , Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, , Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal, Asia ; Poems,  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal; , Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Asian Modern Poetries, Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems, Asian Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets, Famous South Asian Poet , Famous SAARC Countries Poet ,Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time, 

Ganga Ji ka Jau Chhan Bhaiji: Poetries of Pain of a Migrated Garhwali for never returning his Motherland

(Review of Garhwali Poetry Collection ‘Ganga Ji ka Jau Chhan Bhaiji) 
Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 137
-
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
          The poems in poetry collection ‘Ganga Ji ka Jau Chhan Bhaiji’ by Dinesh Dhyani are nothing but sever pain of a migrated Garhwali that knows that he will never return back his motherland. The poetry collection is crying alone by a migrated Garhwali poet. 
             Dinesh Dhyani is multitalented Garhwali language creative settled in Delhi. 
           There are 63 poems in the present first poetry collection by Dinesh Dhyani. No doubt there are different subjects as spirituality, philosophy, rituals, relationship breaking pain, emotions, contemporary society, and social changes; false development, poverty;  looting by politicians, administrative class and middle men in this  poetry collection. However, most of poems ultimately show the pain of a migrated Garhwali for a situation that is not in his control that he will never be able for resettling in Garhwal. 
                Dinesh shows that the life in Garhwal is simple and stresses less but we only spoiled the life (Gaun ka hal).
कै विकास क बान स्वाच
कूण –कूणों छां लुक्यांहम ?
जन्म भूमि ख्न्द्वार कैकी
कै विकास कि पौ धना छां हम

  Migrated Dinesh Dhyani repeatedly remembers his village in many poems and shows his concern for wrong happenings in Garhwal as in ‘jandari’ poem. 
पैलि बिनसरि म
घर गौं म
घघरांदि छै जंदरि
 Dinesh Dhyani shows his pain in Garhwali ku Batu
भैजि बल
गढवाळ कु बाटू
 कनै गैं ह्वालु ?
  There are satires with rage in various poems and at the same time there is helplessness too –
अब क्य कन
हमुन अपणी खैरि
कैम ब्वन ?
         The poems are of modern style, less of rhyme in nature. Famous poet Prem Lal Bhatt remarks that the poems of Dinesh Dhyani are nearer to intellectualism. This author calls such poets as poets of Bahgunavadi. 
  Dinesh Dhyani used tens of symbols (new and old) for creating desired images as खुंच्या, हिटै, कुटै, चुंगा, भयों क बांटा , चौनकोट्या बांद and many more .
 Dinesh uses as per need the proverbs and saying marvelously. Dinesh uses standard Garhwali but there are dialects of Nainidanda .  
 The poems are enjoyable and readers definitely will wait his next poetry collection.
 ‘Ganga Ji ka Jau Chhan Bhaiji’ a Garhwali poetry collection
Poems by: Dinesh Dhyani 
Year of publication 2011
Next Era Print and Publication
S 553/554 B-8
Gautam Complex, School Block 
Shakrpur 
Delhi 110092
 Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries, Poems Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Poems, Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems , Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, , Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal, Asia ; Poems,  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal; , Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Asian Modern Poetries, Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems, Asian Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets, Famous South Asian Poet , Famous SAARC Countries Poet ,Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time, 

Dinesh Dhayni: A Poet of Intellectual Poetries

Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali (Asian) Poetry – 137
-
                    Literature Historian:  Bhishma Kukreti
-
           Dinesh Dhyani is multitalented Garhwali literature creative and social activist. Dinesh Dhyani was born on 8thAugust 1966 in Parkhandai village, Nainidanda block of Pauri Garhwal. 
  Dinesh Dhyani has been publishing stories, poems and articles in Garhwali from 1988. Dinesh Dhyani published a Garhwali short story collection and poetry collection Ganga Ji Ka Jau chhan Bhaiji. 
  Dinesh deals with varied subjects and tones. Prem Lal Bhatt put his poetries under intellectual Garhwali poems - Bahgunavadi poet. 
 Dinesh Dhyani shows anguish in worsening situation in Garhwal. As a migrated Garhwali, his pain is always for not returning to his motherland. His verses are melodious but are mostly free verse. Critics appreciated his uses of figures of speech, symbols, images.
        Another pottery collection by Dinesh Dhyani is under publication. His Garhwali is standard Garhwali with little bit Nainidanda region. 
A post graduate in Hindi also published Hindi poetry collection and a novelette. 

-    गरीबी उन्मूलन (गढ़वाली कविता )


-
 गरीबी उन्मूलन का वास्ता 
हॉल मा सेमीनार हूणु छौ 
सब्बि खै पेकि चलिगे छया 
रयां छा त वै हॉल का इर्द गिर्द 
झुग्गियों मा रैण वळा 
अर ऊंका नौन्याळ 
जु खाली बिसलरी बोतळो थैं 
सिगरेट क टुकड़ों 
पन्नी अर कूणा फर 
अध खयां पिज्जा -बर्गर 
थैं समेटी -समेटी 
वों फरै धूळ हटै -हटै 
खाणा छया अर 
खुश हूणा छया।   


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Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, 2016
Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Critical and Chronological History of Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Poetries, Poems Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Garhwal; Development of Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Poems, Critical and Chronological History of South Asian    Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems  from Pauri Garhwal; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems , Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Chamoli Garhwal; Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Critical and Chronological History of Asian  Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Poems folk Poetries from Rudraprayag Garhwal Asia; Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, , Critical and Chronological History of Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries from Tehri Garhwal, Asia ; Poems,  Inspirational and Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Asian Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Modern Poetries, Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary Folk Poetries from Uttarkashi Garhwal; , Modern Garhwali Folk Songs, Modern Garhwali Folk Verses, Poems, Asian Modern Poetries, Critical and Chronological History of Asian Poems, Asian Contemporary Poetries, Contemporary folk Poetries Poems from Dehradun Garhwal; Famous Asian Poets, Famous South Asian Poet , Famous SAARC Countries Poet ,Critical and Chronological History of Famous Asian Poets of Modern Time,