hishma Kukreti
Shailvani a poetry collection of eighty Garhwali poets is a mile stone in the history of Garhwali literature. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna did hard research and edited this remarkable book and Himalaya Kala Sangam published Shailvani in 1981. Dr Govind Chatak wrote the introductory note for the book and president of Himalaya Kala Sangam Lalt Mohan Keshwan wrote the objective of the book.
Apart from poetries of eighty poets, Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna wrote a small history of Garhwali poetry up to 1980 as ‘Bhumika’
Sanskrit Literature Creators
:
In his introduction, Bahuguna mentioned Kalidas the legendary Sanskrit poet as a Garhwal born person. Sadanand Jakhmola, Lalita Prasad Naithani, Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal and many scholars support with enough proof that Kalidas was born in Kaviltha Chamoli Garhwal. Logically, these learned scholars are right that unless and until your childhood is not spent in Garhwal Himalaya you can not describe so finely, minutely, about Himalaya and its life as Kalidas describes Himalaya in Abhigyan Shakuntalam , Meghdoot or Kumar Sambhav. The intention of Bahuguna mentioning Kalidas is clear that creation of poetry is not new in Garhwal but the legacy goes beyond Kalidas. in this respect Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna is right that creation of poetry have there in Garhwal more than five thousand years. This author says that it is no secret that Vyas created Mahabharat in Garhwal . Sage Vyasa in Mahbharat mentioned elaborately about Kankhal, Tapovan, Badrikasharam, and Bhrigukhal and sage Bhrigu. It may be possible that Bhrigu sage might have created Bhrigu Samhita in Bhrig Shringi (Bhrigukhal, Udaypur patti) too.
Further Bahuguna mentioned that there had been Garhwalis creating Sanskrit poetry or literature as Bharat Jyotik Rai, Meghakar Bahuguna, Haridatt Nautiyal, Sadanand Ghildiyal, Balkrishna Bhatt and many more created various types of Sanskrit literature.
Braj and Khadi Boli Literature by Garhwalis
:
Bahuguna does not forget mentioning the creators of Braj/Khadi Boli literature from Garhwal. Bahuguna briefs the readers about the works of Swaami Shashtra , Maularam and Chandrakumwar Bartwal in Braj and Khadi boli (Hindi). All created marvelous poetries and all used many garhwali words in their poetries
The Tihri king Sudarsan Shah (1825) created poems in Braj language and his poetry collection book ‘Sabhasar’ is appreciated by scholars for various reasons. Sudarshan Shah provided extract of each his Braj verse in Garhwali as
Ishwaran jakh rup dine takh samajh ni dini
Jakh samajh dine takh dhan ni deenyau
The famous Khadi Boli poet of Pithora Garh, Gumani Pant (1780-1846) spent some period in the Garhwal kingdom at the time of king Sudarshan Shah. Gumani Pant will be remembered in Sanskrit, Hindi , Garhwali, Kumaoni , Nepali, Himalayan literature for creating peculiar poetry. He used to write poems in Sanskrit but the last part of stanza would be in Garhwali , Kumaoni or Nepali as:
Uttam dhamk padanti, madhyam cha turatari
Nish dam farak padanti , kachhedi ma ch Tukituki
II
Vadhurlok beerasya lamkeshwarasya , prasrmedhanadasya maydays
Rate devar hant mandodari sa, hwai rand nari gai laj sari
Garhwali in Gorakhpanth Literature
Gorakhpanth has influenced the whole psych of Garhwalis . There has been Gorakhnath panthi literature for more than eight hundred years in Garhwal. Bahuguna provides proof that Kashuraj Jaichand wrote poetry in apbhranslanguage and we may find Garhwali in poems created around thirteenth century as
Je kajjiya ghala jnnu nikhala , bhotant pitant chale
Or, the poem of 1350 is as:
Dharti agas feranta chale, ayana chale, sapna chale, , mar mar karanto maimanda chale
There is priest crowning in Devalgarh which was initiated by famous Sidh Gorakhnath pupil Satyanath .
Gorakhvani literature as Dhol Sagar, Damau Sagar, Indrajal, Ghat Stahapana, Shrinath ji ko Suklais, Samaina is nothing but primitive Garhwali.
Iasan basan dand kamandal u dhyan lagaunti
Jogi jugeta mery mekhla tirsuli adhari
Collection and Publishing of Garhwali Oral Poetries Bahuguna writes in Shailvani that Garhwal is fortunate to have all types of folk literature specially in poetry. ‘Daint Sanhar’ is available and there may be possible of many such manuscripts of oral literature. There are tens of ballads in Garhwali and those ballads started from Mahabharata time. Bahuguna provides the proof that there are chivalry, love and pathos raptures in Garhwali ballads as in Mahabharata. It is important to mention about proverbs and sayings . Pundit Tara Datt Gairola published ‘ Himalayan Folklores’ in English and included a few sayings/proverbs. Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht published the list of Garhwali proverbs/sayings/legendary stories in ‘Gadh Sumyal’ in Garhwali language in 1929. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna published some part of famous folklores as Jeetu Bagdwal, Hari Hindwan, Ranu Jhanku, in Dhunyal, in 1954. Bhajan Singh ‘Singh’ published ‘the folklore ‘ Surj Kaunl’. Moahan Babulkar published the analysis of Garhwali folk poetries in Garhwali Lok Geeton Ka Vivechanatmak Adhyayan’. Dr Chatak also published Garhwali Folklores. Dr Haridatt Bhatt Shailesh included above folklores and more folk poetries in Garhwali Bhasha aur uska Sahitya ‘ in 1976.
Poetries of Mangal (auspicious folk lyrics ) are the symbols of agriculture culture of any area. Girija Datt Naithani published many lyrics of Magal in 1908. Tara Datt Gairola published poetries of Mangal in transformed form as ‘ Meri Ladli’ and ‘Fyunli Rauteli’. Bhajan Singh ‘Singh’ included folk poetries as ‘ Govind Fulari’ , ‘Raghuvanshi Ghodi’ etc along with other modern poetries in ’Singh Nad’. Chakradhar Bahuguna mentioned the old Garhwali poetry ‘ Paxi Samhar’ created by Pundit Jaidev Bahuguna around 1750 . Dr Hari Datt Bhatt ‘Shailesh’ published Garhwali folk poetries as Dyul, Nagelo, Garudasan, Nirankar, Uma Maheshwar, Gauri Shankar Leela, Ram Leela, Krishna Leela, Kunti Mata, Moti Dhango, Ram Gaindi (Chetak) in his famous book ‘ Garhwali Bhasha aur Uska Sahitya’.
Developmental Stages of Modern Garhwali Poetries
Foundation Stage:
Though, in real term, the modern Garhwali poetry started from 1900 but before this time, Pundit Hari Krishna Daurgadatti Rudola, Pundit Leela Datt Kotnala and Mahant Harsh Puri Gusain of Shri Nagar Pauri Garhwali put the foundation for modern Garhwali poetries. The campaign started from 1875
Pundit Harikrishna Daurgadatti Rudola created poetries as ganga panchak, Chetawani, Shiksha etc , which are of inspirational ones.
Pundit Leela Datt Kotnala (1846-1926) created poems supporting Lord Ripen’s laws to demolish racism and supported British Raj by creating poem ‘Lord Ripen’. Kotnala published a poetry collection by name - Garhwali Chhandmala’ in 1918. Virah and Holi poems are marvelous pieces of poetries in Garhwali Chhandmala. Kotnala created Garh-Geeta, Leela prem Sagar, and Garhwali Prastawawali too.
Mahant Harsh Puri Gusain (1820-1905) created many poems and ‘Rajneesh ‘ and Buro Sang’ poems are affectionate and with pathos.
Pundit Jakrishna Daurgadatti Rudola created poem as ‘ Vedant Sandesh’ and these poems are modern as modern today’s poems. An example of his poems is here :
Kya chhenthadaa sadak ma kakhim ni milda?
Kya dallying harle apnee suchhaya ?
Kya suki gen nad nal sabhi jagatma ?
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna divided the development of written form of Garhwali poetries according to time
1- First initiating Stage (1901- 1925)
2- Second Developmental Stage (1926-1950)
3-Third Developmental Stage (1951-1975)
Initiating Developmental Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1900-1925)
The modern Garhwali literature started with the publication of Garhwali news paper in 1905. Garhwali newspaper influenced Hindi readers of Garhwali origin to consider Garhwali as complete language and attracted for creating literature in Garhwali language. Atma Ram Gairola, Satya Sharan Raturi, Bhavani Datt Thapliyal, Tara Datt Gairola, Sada Nand Kukreti and Chandra Mohan Raturi were main stalwarts . ‘Sarswati’ a prominent Hindi magazine used to publish the Hindi poetries of Satya Sharan Raturi and Tar Datt Gairola had got fame as English writer after publishing ‘ The Songs of Dadu’ and ‘ Himalayan Folklores‘ and Chandra Mohan Ratuir could write fluently in Sanskrit or Hindi . However, Raturis and Gairola choose to serve Garhwali ,
Garhwali newspaper published the poems of following poets
Poet Poetry
1- Shashi Shekhra Nand Saklani : Shiksha
2- Sanatan Nand Saklani ‘Satkavidas’: Swarth Saptak
3- Devendra Datt Raturi of Tihri : Daridrastak
4- Girija Datt Naithani : Madystak
5-Mathura Datt Naithani : Swadesh Prem
6- Sur Datt Saklani Umanath Ji Ki Stuti, Chetwani
7- Ambika Datt Sharma : Shri Ram Chandra Vandana Varnan
8-Kanauji : Ham Padhan at Kyun Padhan
9-Ratnambar Chandola ‘Ratna’ : Matribhumi, Ainsu ki rood, Bamtali
10-D evendra Saklani : Karuna
11- Dayanand Bahuguna : Kumbh ko Melo
12- Sada Nand Kukreti Jatiya Bhajan
Later on daughter in law of Shashi Shekhra Nand Saklani published his poetry collection as ‘ Puspanjali’.
Vishambar Chandola published first Garhwali poetry collection as ‘Garhwali Kavitawali’ wherein the poems of above twelve poets were published along with poems of other creators. ‘ Garhwali Kavitawali’ is a mile stone in the history of Garhwali poetry.
Bahuguna mentioned about the poem Rami Bauraani by Baldev Prasad Sharma ‘ Deen’ (Bamsu, Tihri)
Baldev Prasad Sharma ‘ Deen’ created lyrical poem ‘Rami Baurani’ which is still very popular today. He published another popular poem ‘Jasi’ in 1927
However, this author does not understand the mentality of Abodh Bahuguna who should have written much about Rami Baurani because Rami Baurani is the first modern Garhwali poetry which attracted not only common Garhwalis but Kumaonis too to sing this poem or Geet. Though, in one context this author opposes Rami Baurani but he also says that no body can deny the importance of Rami Baurani. Today, most of the Garhwalis and Kumaonis presume that Rami Baurani is folk song but in reality , this song is the best example of modern Garhwali poetry who could attract the Garhwali Kumaoni psych because of its subject and lyrical value.
In this period, Ram Prasad Khanduri of Margun, Rawatsyun published many poems in periodicals and later on published in poetry collection form. His poems ‘ France ka Judh’ and Khaudo’ poems became very popular.
This is the period when Giridhari Lal Dobhal of Ghidi, Banelsyun, Pauri Garhwal, created many affectionate and memorable poems . His poem ‘ Kakh holi meri dandi kanthi’ is still popular . Later on, his daughter Vimala Barthwal (Dalodi, Gagwadsyun) published his poetry collection.
Second Developmental Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1926-1950)
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna provided details of poets and their poetries for the second developmental stage of modern Garhwali poetry in brief as :
From 1926 0nward, the Garhwali poetry history saw new dimension in the poetic world. In term of content and style, variation started in Garhwali poetic world in this growth oriented period.
In this period, the following poets published following poetry collections or poems
Name of Poets Poetry collections
1- Totakrishn Gairola Premi Pathik
2- Yogendra Puri Fulkandi
3- Chakradhar Bahuguna Mochhang
4-Keshva Nand Kainthola Man Tarang
5-Bhajan Singh ‘Singh’ Singhnad
6- Tara Datt Lakheda Naxatra ki Virahani Bala
7-Bhola Datt Devrani Juo ar Janani
8-Sada Nand Jakhmola Raibar
9- Bhagwati Charan Nirmohi Hilans
10-Shaligram Shashtri Neeti Prakash
11- Kamal Sahityaalankar Jamuna and Kartavyabodh
12- Baldev Prasad Nautiyal Chaya ramayan (Translation of Valmiki Ramayan)
13-Rup mohan Saklani Meghdoot (Translation of Kalidas’s Meghdoot)
14- Tula Ram Sharma Karmayog geeta (Translation)
Vishal Mani Sharma edited and publisheda poetry collection of different poets in one volume naming ‘Veer Garhwa’ in 1950 . There are poems of Bhavani Datt Thapliyal and Baldev Prasad Sharma ‘Deen’ in this second volume of Garhwali poetry collection of its own type that is collection of different poets,
The following poets published their poems here and there
15- Lalta Prasad Uniyal Lalam Sasubwari
16- Satya Prasad Raturi
17-Ratnambar Chandola
18-Keshva Nand Jadli
19-Daya Dhar Bhatt
20- Dharmadhikari
The poets of this period paid attention on inspiring the readers and social benefits nation- building, Garhwali society growth , freedom were main subject of this period in Garhwali poetry. The poets choose old legendary stories as well their own imagery creation for creating such inspirational, teaching/preaching oriented poems in Garhwali language Most of the poems are simple in terms of rhetoric rules. Poets started following originality in style, form and poetic subjects. Garhwali poetry field witnesses new creative geniuses .
Third Expanding Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1951-1975)
This period was the period of free India and Garhwalis were getting educated and they were getting scientific knowledge too. Garhwalis as other Indians started contributing for building new India. Education, free India, scientific knowledge, desire and ambition for building new India affect creativity for Garhwali poetries. There were no problems of division of India, communal non-harmony in Garhwal but there were changes in cultural and social values all over. The changes in cultural and social values and employment problems provided fertile filed for Garhwali language creative. The new situations created two sects among Garhwalis . Those who were in Garhwal busy in conventional agriculture and were doing hard work . This situation was clearly visible in the Garhwali poems:
Bhair ki patbyadi bhadun, bole -bhula buthad
Bhagi t gaine desu sab , ham chhan nirbhagi paad
(Tidka-pp-7) Migrated to plains of other parts of India was another sect of Garhwalis . The pain of migration and memorizing the Garhwal was also clear in Garhwali poems of this period :
Haira haira ghas ka boun failyan ant n par
Launkad saun bhadon keyed dekhan laik bahar
This means in the third expanding period, Garhwali poetic creative started to take the poetries towards hard realism, human sensitivity, human pain and joys. Garhwali poets started expression for contemporary local, regional and national situations. Slowly, slowly, the Garhwali verse makers coming out from limitedness towards national and international panorama.
The folk literature publications also fueled for motivating new creators entering in Garhwali poetic world. Folk poetry collections as Dhunyal of Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna (1954) Dharti ka Phool (1955), Bansuli (1955) and Garhwali Lok geet (1956) of Govind Chatak have been an inspiring factor for expansion of Garhwali poetic world.
Garhwali poetry witnesses the following poetry collections in this very exciting period for Garhwali poetry
Poet Name of Poetry Collection
1- Laxmi Prasad Painyuli Mikhail a long poem (1957)
2- Shail kunj Pundir Jonyali Rat (1960)
3- Ummed Singh Negi Dandi Kanthi (1960)
4- Harsh Pati Raturi ‘Sevak’ Jeewan Sathi (1960)
5- Shiva Nand Pandey Ujyali (1962)
6- Jeet Singh Negi Geet Ganga (1963)
7- Loka Nand Balodi Geeta ka anshu (1954)
8-Ram Prasad Pokhriyal Chhunyal (1963)
9- Shiv Prasad Pokhriyal Jhamka (1963)
10- Jeeva Nand Shriyal Gadh sahitya sopan two parts (1966 and 1970)
11- Ram Prasad Gairola ‘ Vinayi’ Sudyal (1971)
12-Dharma Nand Jamloki Meghdoot Kavya (1971)
13- Puran Pant Pathik Pathik ka Geet (1975)
14- Sachida Nand Kandpal Raibar
15- Murli Manohar Sati Garhwali Jhanki
The following poetry collections of different poets in one volume were also published in this period (1951-10975):
Name of Poetry Collection Editor Remarks
1- Hisar (1955) Buransh Prakashan
2- Bugyal (1960) Ganesh Sharma
3-Buransh (1965) Ganesh Sharma
4-Maulyar (1963) Girdhari Lal kankal
5-Rant Raibar (1963) Govind Chatatk
6-Chham Ghunghru (1964) Shiva Nand Nautiyal
7- Khuded Geet (1964) Shiva Nand Nautiyal
8- Vidyavati Dobhal (1975) Garhwali Geetika
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna provided list of following new poets who came in light in this third expanding period :
1- Purushottam Dobhal
2- Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal
3-sarvesh juyal
4-Kailash panthari
5-Uma datt Naithani
6-Jagdish kiran
7-Jaya Nand Khuksal ‘Baulya
8-Keshva Nand Dhyani
9-Sher Singh Gadhdeshi
10-Harish Chandra Ghildiyal
11-Kali Prasad Ghildiyal
Apart from the above poets Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna details that poets as Keshava Nand Jadli, Guna Nand Pathik, Govind Ram Pokhriyal, Vasundhara Dobhal, Brij Raj Singh Negi, Sateshwar Azad, Sachida Nand Kandpal, Lalt Mohan Keshwan, Mathura Prasad Dobhal, , Mathura Prasad Baichain, Chandra Prakash Dabral, janki Prasad Barthwal, kehhava Anuragi, Keshav Dhyani, Chandra Singh Rahi, Bachiram Jamloki, Leela Dhar Jugadi, Raja Khugsal Pareshwar gaur published their poetries in various periodicals. However, Bahuguna for unknown reasons did not mention that Kanhaya lal Dandriyal , Girdhari Lal Thapliyal Kankal published their poetry collections Fur Ghindudi (1959)and Mangtu (1960) respectively in this period only . Same way , Bahuguna forgets to to mention in his introduction of this period as Jaggu Naudiyal etc
Bahuguna mentions that the poems of this period were more varied than past in terms of style, form and poetic creativity . According to Bahuguna , there is satire, romance, suspense, pathos, emotions, patriotism in the Garhwali poems of this era (1951-1975).
Fourth Developmental Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1976-1981)
Literature is the mirror of society and Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna states that the changes in the society, the cultural and materialistic development in India also transformed the thinking of Garhwali poets and readers could witness the transformation in Garhwali poetry . Human sensuality, humanity, emotional values , national and international thinking came on the surface in the poems of this period (1976-1981). ‘Ghol’ poetry collection of Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna is an example of expression of experiences in Garhwali poetry world of this time. Garhwali Poets of new generation and old generation too realized that realism is the main path for creating poetry and thus realism began to be with Garhwali poetries.
Bahuguna states in Shailvani (pp26) tha the year 1977 is the year to celebrate for Garhwali poetic field. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna published ‘Bhumyal’ the first ever epic in Garhwali language. The epic ‘Bhumyla shows the amalgam of scientific reality, great imagination in poem, expression of emotions, and with inspirational values.
Lokesh Navani brought his first poetry collection ‘Phanchi’ in 1977. Phanchi is about to show anger for non-economical growth in Garhwal and the poet is successful in showing gap between haves and haves not.
Bahuguna praises poetry collection of neo generation poet Deen Dayal Banduni for his collection ‘Himla Ko Desh’. Deen Dayal is successful in showing the hard works of farmers and their families and adverse conditions in Garhwal. Bhagwati Charan Nirmohi published new edition of ‘Hilans’ with adding a few more new poems in the old version.
Gokula nand Kimothi published his poetry collection ‘ Pitarun Tarpan’. The Ganga jamuna ka Mait bati (1977 a poetry collection)’ is dedicated to chipko movement .
Bhagwan Singh Rawat Akela published his second poetry collection Maya meludi ‘ in 1977.
This is the period when poets as Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal ( Anjwal, 1978) , Prem lal Bhatt (Umal, 1979) Jaggu Nautiyal (samlaun) published their poetry collection.
This is the period when the poetry collection of eight different poets in one volume ‘Dhai’ was also published .
The period of 1975-1981 is in real term the Golden era for Garhwali literature. This period witnessed the publications of many periodicals as Baduli edited by Govind Chatak, gadh Gaurav by Kunwar Singh Karmath, Maiti by Sateshwar sati, Hilans by Arjun Singh Gusain. ‘Shailvani is also published in this period.
This perod (1976-1980) saw many variation in the subjects and styles too. Poets showed their anger for lowering in political world, cutting of jungles and ecological downing in Garhwal, The Garhwali poems inspired people for supporting Chipko Andolan , Jevanand Shriyal and Ghanshyam Raturi are the poets of Chipko Andolan.
Bahuguna never fails to remind us that this period completed hundred years of modern Garhwali poetry or written form of Garhwali poetry. Garhwali poets came out with different subjects and different styles, contemporariness in their poems. Bahuguna stressed that in true sense, this period will be called Golden era for Garhwali Poetry.
Poets Contributed for Shailvani (1981)
The following poets contributed for Shailvani edited by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna :
Name of Poet Number of Poems
1- Harsh Puri Gusain 2
2-Leela Datt Kotnala 3
3-Harikrishna Daurgadatti Rudola 2
4-Atma Ram Gairola 2
5-Shashishekhranand Saklani 3
6-Bhawani Datt Thapliyal 2
7-Satyasharan Raturi 2
8-Tara Datt Gairola 2
9-Chandra Mohan Raturi 3
10-Yogendra Puri 3
11-Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht 2
12-Keshva Nand Kainthola 2
13-Totakriashna Gairola 1
14-Baldev Prasad Nautiyal 1
15-Sada Nand Jakhmola 1
16- Bhola Datt Devrani 2
17- Chakradhar Bahuguna 2
18-Bhajan Singh Singh 2
19- Kamal Sahityalankar 3
20- Bhagwati Charan Nirmohi 3
21-Tara Datt Lakheda ‘Naxatra’ 2
22-Sarvesh Juyal 2
23-Amar Nath Sharma 1
24-Murli Manohar Sati ‘Garhwali ’ 1
25- Vasundhara Dobhal 2
26-Uma Datt Naithani 1
27- Shridhar Jamloki 2
28- Jeeva Nand Shriyal 1
29-Kula Nand Bhartiya 1
30-Dr Purushotam Dobhal 2
31-Parush Ram Thapliyal ‘Buransh’ 2
32- Jeet Singh Negi 2
33- Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna 3
34- Mahima Nand Sundriyal 3
35-Girdhari Lal Thapliyal ‘Kankal’ 2
36-Sachidanand Kandpal 2
37- Prem Lal Bhatt 1
38-Sudama Prasad Dabral ‘Premi’ 2
39-Ram Prasad Gairola ‘Vinayi’ 1
40- jagdish Kiran 3
41- Bhagwan Singh Rawat ‘Akela’ 2
42-Shivanand Pandey ‘Premesh’ 2
43-Dr Govind Chatak 2
44- Kanhayalal Dandriyal 3
45- Nityanand Maithani 2
46-Sher singh gaddeshi 2
47-Dr Parth Sarthi Dabral 2
48-Dharma Nand Pathik 3
49-Dr Umashankar Satish 2
50 ghanshyam Raturi 2
51-Jaggu Naudiyal 1
52-lalt Mohan Keshwan 2
53- Pareshwar Gaud 2
54- Lokesh Navani 1
There is only one poem of these poets
55- Sadanand Kukreti
56-Ratnambar Chandola
57-Mahaveer Prasad Lakheda
58-Mahaveer Prasad Gairola
59-Vidyavati Dobhal
60-Dr Shivanand Nautiyal
61-Laxmi Prasad Painyuli
62-Sateshwar Azad
63-Dakshyani Datt Chandola
64-Keshva Nand Dhyani
65-Guna Nand Thapliyal
66-Yogesh Panthri
67-Jaya Nand Khugsal ‘Baulya’
68-Mahesh Tiwadi
69- Dr Chandra Mohan Chamoli
70-Chandra Singh Rahi
71-Durga Prasad Ghildiyal
72- Vinod Uniyal
73- Puran Pant ‘Pathik’
74-Netra Singh Aswal
75-Sain Singh Rawat
76-Ansuya Prasad Upadhyaya
77-Prakash Chand Purohit ‘Jaideep’
78-Jagdish Bijlwan
Primitive Poem (Adi Kavita ) -Daint Sanghar and Saidwali
Shailvani is milestone in many ways. Abodh Bahuguna collected the poems of seventy eight poets and wrote about eighty nine poets. Bahuguna also briefed the chronological history of Garhwali poetry.
Shailvani a poetry collection of eighty Garhwali poets is a mile stone in the history of Garhwali literature. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna did hard research and edited this remarkable book and Himalaya Kala Sangam published Shailvani in 1981. Dr Govind Chatak wrote the introductory note for the book and president of Himalaya Kala Sangam Lalt Mohan Keshwan wrote the objective of the book.
Apart from poetries of eighty poets, Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna wrote a small history of Garhwali poetry up to 1980 as ‘Bhumika’
Sanskrit Literature Creators
:
In his introduction, Bahuguna mentioned Kalidas the legendary Sanskrit poet as a Garhwal born person. Sadanand Jakhmola, Lalita Prasad Naithani, Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal and many scholars support with enough proof that Kalidas was born in Kaviltha Chamoli Garhwal. Logically, these learned scholars are right that unless and until your childhood is not spent in Garhwal Himalaya you can not describe so finely, minutely, about Himalaya and its life as Kalidas describes Himalaya in Abhigyan Shakuntalam , Meghdoot or Kumar Sambhav. The intention of Bahuguna mentioning Kalidas is clear that creation of poetry is not new in Garhwal but the legacy goes beyond Kalidas. in this respect Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna is right that creation of poetry have there in Garhwal more than five thousand years. This author says that it is no secret that Vyas created Mahabharat in Garhwal . Sage Vyasa in Mahbharat mentioned elaborately about Kankhal, Tapovan, Badrikasharam, and Bhrigukhal and sage Bhrigu. It may be possible that Bhrigu sage might have created Bhrigu Samhita in Bhrig Shringi (Bhrigukhal, Udaypur patti) too.
Further Bahuguna mentioned that there had been Garhwalis creating Sanskrit poetry or literature as Bharat Jyotik Rai, Meghakar Bahuguna, Haridatt Nautiyal, Sadanand Ghildiyal, Balkrishna Bhatt and many more created various types of Sanskrit literature.
Braj and Khadi Boli Literature by Garhwalis
:
Bahuguna does not forget mentioning the creators of Braj/Khadi Boli literature from Garhwal. Bahuguna briefs the readers about the works of Swaami Shashtra , Maularam and Chandrakumwar Bartwal in Braj and Khadi boli (Hindi). All created marvelous poetries and all used many garhwali words in their poetries
The Tihri king Sudarsan Shah (1825) created poems in Braj language and his poetry collection book ‘Sabhasar’ is appreciated by scholars for various reasons. Sudarshan Shah provided extract of each his Braj verse in Garhwali as
Ishwaran jakh rup dine takh samajh ni dini
Jakh samajh dine takh dhan ni deenyau
The famous Khadi Boli poet of Pithora Garh, Gumani Pant (1780-1846) spent some period in the Garhwal kingdom at the time of king Sudarshan Shah. Gumani Pant will be remembered in Sanskrit, Hindi , Garhwali, Kumaoni , Nepali, Himalayan literature for creating peculiar poetry. He used to write poems in Sanskrit but the last part of stanza would be in Garhwali , Kumaoni or Nepali as:
Uttam dhamk padanti, madhyam cha turatari
Nish dam farak padanti , kachhedi ma ch Tukituki
II
Vadhurlok beerasya lamkeshwarasya , prasrmedhanadasya maydays
Rate devar hant mandodari sa, hwai rand nari gai laj sari
Garhwali in Gorakhpanth Literature
Gorakhpanth has influenced the whole psych of Garhwalis . There has been Gorakhnath panthi literature for more than eight hundred years in Garhwal. Bahuguna provides proof that Kashuraj Jaichand wrote poetry in apbhranslanguage and we may find Garhwali in poems created around thirteenth century as
Je kajjiya ghala jnnu nikhala , bhotant pitant chale
Or, the poem of 1350 is as:
Dharti agas feranta chale, ayana chale, sapna chale, , mar mar karanto maimanda chale
There is priest crowning in Devalgarh which was initiated by famous Sidh Gorakhnath pupil Satyanath .
Gorakhvani literature as Dhol Sagar, Damau Sagar, Indrajal, Ghat Stahapana, Shrinath ji ko Suklais, Samaina is nothing but primitive Garhwali.
Iasan basan dand kamandal u dhyan lagaunti
Jogi jugeta mery mekhla tirsuli adhari
Collection and Publishing of Garhwali Oral Poetries Bahuguna writes in Shailvani that Garhwal is fortunate to have all types of folk literature specially in poetry. ‘Daint Sanhar’ is available and there may be possible of many such manuscripts of oral literature. There are tens of ballads in Garhwali and those ballads started from Mahabharata time. Bahuguna provides the proof that there are chivalry, love and pathos raptures in Garhwali ballads as in Mahabharata. It is important to mention about proverbs and sayings . Pundit Tara Datt Gairola published ‘ Himalayan Folklores’ in English and included a few sayings/proverbs. Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht published the list of Garhwali proverbs/sayings/legendary stories in ‘Gadh Sumyal’ in Garhwali language in 1929. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna published some part of famous folklores as Jeetu Bagdwal, Hari Hindwan, Ranu Jhanku, in Dhunyal, in 1954. Bhajan Singh ‘Singh’ published ‘the folklore ‘ Surj Kaunl’. Moahan Babulkar published the analysis of Garhwali folk poetries in Garhwali Lok Geeton Ka Vivechanatmak Adhyayan’. Dr Chatak also published Garhwali Folklores. Dr Haridatt Bhatt Shailesh included above folklores and more folk poetries in Garhwali Bhasha aur uska Sahitya ‘ in 1976.
Poetries of Mangal (auspicious folk lyrics ) are the symbols of agriculture culture of any area. Girija Datt Naithani published many lyrics of Magal in 1908. Tara Datt Gairola published poetries of Mangal in transformed form as ‘ Meri Ladli’ and ‘Fyunli Rauteli’. Bhajan Singh ‘Singh’ included folk poetries as ‘ Govind Fulari’ , ‘Raghuvanshi Ghodi’ etc along with other modern poetries in ’Singh Nad’. Chakradhar Bahuguna mentioned the old Garhwali poetry ‘ Paxi Samhar’ created by Pundit Jaidev Bahuguna around 1750 . Dr Hari Datt Bhatt ‘Shailesh’ published Garhwali folk poetries as Dyul, Nagelo, Garudasan, Nirankar, Uma Maheshwar, Gauri Shankar Leela, Ram Leela, Krishna Leela, Kunti Mata, Moti Dhango, Ram Gaindi (Chetak) in his famous book ‘ Garhwali Bhasha aur Uska Sahitya’.
Developmental Stages of Modern Garhwali Poetries
Foundation Stage:
Though, in real term, the modern Garhwali poetry started from 1900 but before this time, Pundit Hari Krishna Daurgadatti Rudola, Pundit Leela Datt Kotnala and Mahant Harsh Puri Gusain of Shri Nagar Pauri Garhwali put the foundation for modern Garhwali poetries. The campaign started from 1875
Pundit Harikrishna Daurgadatti Rudola created poetries as ganga panchak, Chetawani, Shiksha etc , which are of inspirational ones.
Pundit Leela Datt Kotnala (1846-1926) created poems supporting Lord Ripen’s laws to demolish racism and supported British Raj by creating poem ‘Lord Ripen’. Kotnala published a poetry collection by name - Garhwali Chhandmala’ in 1918. Virah and Holi poems are marvelous pieces of poetries in Garhwali Chhandmala. Kotnala created Garh-Geeta, Leela prem Sagar, and Garhwali Prastawawali too.
Mahant Harsh Puri Gusain (1820-1905) created many poems and ‘Rajneesh ‘ and Buro Sang’ poems are affectionate and with pathos.
Pundit Jakrishna Daurgadatti Rudola created poem as ‘ Vedant Sandesh’ and these poems are modern as modern today’s poems. An example of his poems is here :
Kya chhenthadaa sadak ma kakhim ni milda?
Kya dallying harle apnee suchhaya ?
Kya suki gen nad nal sabhi jagatma ?
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna divided the development of written form of Garhwali poetries according to time
1- First initiating Stage (1901- 1925)
2- Second Developmental Stage (1926-1950)
3-Third Developmental Stage (1951-1975)
Initiating Developmental Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1900-1925)
The modern Garhwali literature started with the publication of Garhwali news paper in 1905. Garhwali newspaper influenced Hindi readers of Garhwali origin to consider Garhwali as complete language and attracted for creating literature in Garhwali language. Atma Ram Gairola, Satya Sharan Raturi, Bhavani Datt Thapliyal, Tara Datt Gairola, Sada Nand Kukreti and Chandra Mohan Raturi were main stalwarts . ‘Sarswati’ a prominent Hindi magazine used to publish the Hindi poetries of Satya Sharan Raturi and Tar Datt Gairola had got fame as English writer after publishing ‘ The Songs of Dadu’ and ‘ Himalayan Folklores‘ and Chandra Mohan Ratuir could write fluently in Sanskrit or Hindi . However, Raturis and Gairola choose to serve Garhwali ,
Garhwali newspaper published the poems of following poets
Poet Poetry
1- Shashi Shekhra Nand Saklani : Shiksha
2- Sanatan Nand Saklani ‘Satkavidas’: Swarth Saptak
3- Devendra Datt Raturi of Tihri : Daridrastak
4- Girija Datt Naithani : Madystak
5-Mathura Datt Naithani : Swadesh Prem
6- Sur Datt Saklani Umanath Ji Ki Stuti, Chetwani
7- Ambika Datt Sharma : Shri Ram Chandra Vandana Varnan
8-Kanauji : Ham Padhan at Kyun Padhan
9-Ratnambar Chandola ‘Ratna’ : Matribhumi, Ainsu ki rood, Bamtali
10-D evendra Saklani : Karuna
11- Dayanand Bahuguna : Kumbh ko Melo
12- Sada Nand Kukreti Jatiya Bhajan
Later on daughter in law of Shashi Shekhra Nand Saklani published his poetry collection as ‘ Puspanjali’.
Vishambar Chandola published first Garhwali poetry collection as ‘Garhwali Kavitawali’ wherein the poems of above twelve poets were published along with poems of other creators. ‘ Garhwali Kavitawali’ is a mile stone in the history of Garhwali poetry.
Bahuguna mentioned about the poem Rami Bauraani by Baldev Prasad Sharma ‘ Deen’ (Bamsu, Tihri)
Baldev Prasad Sharma ‘ Deen’ created lyrical poem ‘Rami Baurani’ which is still very popular today. He published another popular poem ‘Jasi’ in 1927
However, this author does not understand the mentality of Abodh Bahuguna who should have written much about Rami Baurani because Rami Baurani is the first modern Garhwali poetry which attracted not only common Garhwalis but Kumaonis too to sing this poem or Geet. Though, in one context this author opposes Rami Baurani but he also says that no body can deny the importance of Rami Baurani. Today, most of the Garhwalis and Kumaonis presume that Rami Baurani is folk song but in reality , this song is the best example of modern Garhwali poetry who could attract the Garhwali Kumaoni psych because of its subject and lyrical value.
In this period, Ram Prasad Khanduri of Margun, Rawatsyun published many poems in periodicals and later on published in poetry collection form. His poems ‘ France ka Judh’ and Khaudo’ poems became very popular.
This is the period when Giridhari Lal Dobhal of Ghidi, Banelsyun, Pauri Garhwal, created many affectionate and memorable poems . His poem ‘ Kakh holi meri dandi kanthi’ is still popular . Later on, his daughter Vimala Barthwal (Dalodi, Gagwadsyun) published his poetry collection.
Second Developmental Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1926-1950)
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna provided details of poets and their poetries for the second developmental stage of modern Garhwali poetry in brief as :
From 1926 0nward, the Garhwali poetry history saw new dimension in the poetic world. In term of content and style, variation started in Garhwali poetic world in this growth oriented period.
In this period, the following poets published following poetry collections or poems
Name of Poets Poetry collections
1- Totakrishn Gairola Premi Pathik
2- Yogendra Puri Fulkandi
3- Chakradhar Bahuguna Mochhang
4-Keshva Nand Kainthola Man Tarang
5-Bhajan Singh ‘Singh’ Singhnad
6- Tara Datt Lakheda Naxatra ki Virahani Bala
7-Bhola Datt Devrani Juo ar Janani
8-Sada Nand Jakhmola Raibar
9- Bhagwati Charan Nirmohi Hilans
10-Shaligram Shashtri Neeti Prakash
11- Kamal Sahityaalankar Jamuna and Kartavyabodh
12- Baldev Prasad Nautiyal Chaya ramayan (Translation of Valmiki Ramayan)
13-Rup mohan Saklani Meghdoot (Translation of Kalidas’s Meghdoot)
14- Tula Ram Sharma Karmayog geeta (Translation)
Vishal Mani Sharma edited and publisheda poetry collection of different poets in one volume naming ‘Veer Garhwa’ in 1950 . There are poems of Bhavani Datt Thapliyal and Baldev Prasad Sharma ‘Deen’ in this second volume of Garhwali poetry collection of its own type that is collection of different poets,
The following poets published their poems here and there
15- Lalta Prasad Uniyal Lalam Sasubwari
16- Satya Prasad Raturi
17-Ratnambar Chandola
18-Keshva Nand Jadli
19-Daya Dhar Bhatt
20- Dharmadhikari
The poets of this period paid attention on inspiring the readers and social benefits nation- building, Garhwali society growth , freedom were main subject of this period in Garhwali poetry. The poets choose old legendary stories as well their own imagery creation for creating such inspirational, teaching/preaching oriented poems in Garhwali language Most of the poems are simple in terms of rhetoric rules. Poets started following originality in style, form and poetic subjects. Garhwali poetry field witnesses new creative geniuses .
Third Expanding Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1951-1975)
This period was the period of free India and Garhwalis were getting educated and they were getting scientific knowledge too. Garhwalis as other Indians started contributing for building new India. Education, free India, scientific knowledge, desire and ambition for building new India affect creativity for Garhwali poetries. There were no problems of division of India, communal non-harmony in Garhwal but there were changes in cultural and social values all over. The changes in cultural and social values and employment problems provided fertile filed for Garhwali language creative. The new situations created two sects among Garhwalis . Those who were in Garhwal busy in conventional agriculture and were doing hard work . This situation was clearly visible in the Garhwali poems:
Bhair ki patbyadi bhadun, bole -bhula buthad
Bhagi t gaine desu sab , ham chhan nirbhagi paad
(Tidka-pp-7) Migrated to plains of other parts of India was another sect of Garhwalis . The pain of migration and memorizing the Garhwal was also clear in Garhwali poems of this period :
Haira haira ghas ka boun failyan ant n par
Launkad saun bhadon keyed dekhan laik bahar
This means in the third expanding period, Garhwali poetic creative started to take the poetries towards hard realism, human sensitivity, human pain and joys. Garhwali poets started expression for contemporary local, regional and national situations. Slowly, slowly, the Garhwali verse makers coming out from limitedness towards national and international panorama.
The folk literature publications also fueled for motivating new creators entering in Garhwali poetic world. Folk poetry collections as Dhunyal of Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna (1954) Dharti ka Phool (1955), Bansuli (1955) and Garhwali Lok geet (1956) of Govind Chatak have been an inspiring factor for expansion of Garhwali poetic world.
Garhwali poetry witnesses the following poetry collections in this very exciting period for Garhwali poetry
Poet Name of Poetry Collection
1- Laxmi Prasad Painyuli Mikhail a long poem (1957)
2- Shail kunj Pundir Jonyali Rat (1960)
3- Ummed Singh Negi Dandi Kanthi (1960)
4- Harsh Pati Raturi ‘Sevak’ Jeewan Sathi (1960)
5- Shiva Nand Pandey Ujyali (1962)
6- Jeet Singh Negi Geet Ganga (1963)
7- Loka Nand Balodi Geeta ka anshu (1954)
8-Ram Prasad Pokhriyal Chhunyal (1963)
9- Shiv Prasad Pokhriyal Jhamka (1963)
10- Jeeva Nand Shriyal Gadh sahitya sopan two parts (1966 and 1970)
11- Ram Prasad Gairola ‘ Vinayi’ Sudyal (1971)
12-Dharma Nand Jamloki Meghdoot Kavya (1971)
13- Puran Pant Pathik Pathik ka Geet (1975)
14- Sachida Nand Kandpal Raibar
15- Murli Manohar Sati Garhwali Jhanki
The following poetry collections of different poets in one volume were also published in this period (1951-10975):
Name of Poetry Collection Editor Remarks
1- Hisar (1955) Buransh Prakashan
2- Bugyal (1960) Ganesh Sharma
3-Buransh (1965) Ganesh Sharma
4-Maulyar (1963) Girdhari Lal kankal
5-Rant Raibar (1963) Govind Chatatk
6-Chham Ghunghru (1964) Shiva Nand Nautiyal
7- Khuded Geet (1964) Shiva Nand Nautiyal
8- Vidyavati Dobhal (1975) Garhwali Geetika
Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna provided list of following new poets who came in light in this third expanding period :
1- Purushottam Dobhal
2- Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal
3-sarvesh juyal
4-Kailash panthari
5-Uma datt Naithani
6-Jagdish kiran
7-Jaya Nand Khuksal ‘Baulya
8-Keshva Nand Dhyani
9-Sher Singh Gadhdeshi
10-Harish Chandra Ghildiyal
11-Kali Prasad Ghildiyal
Apart from the above poets Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna details that poets as Keshava Nand Jadli, Guna Nand Pathik, Govind Ram Pokhriyal, Vasundhara Dobhal, Brij Raj Singh Negi, Sateshwar Azad, Sachida Nand Kandpal, Lalt Mohan Keshwan, Mathura Prasad Dobhal, , Mathura Prasad Baichain, Chandra Prakash Dabral, janki Prasad Barthwal, kehhava Anuragi, Keshav Dhyani, Chandra Singh Rahi, Bachiram Jamloki, Leela Dhar Jugadi, Raja Khugsal Pareshwar gaur published their poetries in various periodicals. However, Bahuguna for unknown reasons did not mention that Kanhaya lal Dandriyal , Girdhari Lal Thapliyal Kankal published their poetry collections Fur Ghindudi (1959)and Mangtu (1960) respectively in this period only . Same way , Bahuguna forgets to to mention in his introduction of this period as Jaggu Naudiyal etc
Bahuguna mentions that the poems of this period were more varied than past in terms of style, form and poetic creativity . According to Bahuguna , there is satire, romance, suspense, pathos, emotions, patriotism in the Garhwali poems of this era (1951-1975).
Fourth Developmental Stage of Garhwali Poetry (1976-1981)
Literature is the mirror of society and Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna states that the changes in the society, the cultural and materialistic development in India also transformed the thinking of Garhwali poets and readers could witness the transformation in Garhwali poetry . Human sensuality, humanity, emotional values , national and international thinking came on the surface in the poems of this period (1976-1981). ‘Ghol’ poetry collection of Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna is an example of expression of experiences in Garhwali poetry world of this time. Garhwali Poets of new generation and old generation too realized that realism is the main path for creating poetry and thus realism began to be with Garhwali poetries.
Bahuguna states in Shailvani (pp26) tha the year 1977 is the year to celebrate for Garhwali poetic field. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna published ‘Bhumyal’ the first ever epic in Garhwali language. The epic ‘Bhumyla shows the amalgam of scientific reality, great imagination in poem, expression of emotions, and with inspirational values.
Lokesh Navani brought his first poetry collection ‘Phanchi’ in 1977. Phanchi is about to show anger for non-economical growth in Garhwal and the poet is successful in showing gap between haves and haves not.
Bahuguna praises poetry collection of neo generation poet Deen Dayal Banduni for his collection ‘Himla Ko Desh’. Deen Dayal is successful in showing the hard works of farmers and their families and adverse conditions in Garhwal. Bhagwati Charan Nirmohi published new edition of ‘Hilans’ with adding a few more new poems in the old version.
Gokula nand Kimothi published his poetry collection ‘ Pitarun Tarpan’. The Ganga jamuna ka Mait bati (1977 a poetry collection)’ is dedicated to chipko movement .
Bhagwan Singh Rawat Akela published his second poetry collection Maya meludi ‘ in 1977.
This is the period when poets as Kanhaya Lal Dandriyal ( Anjwal, 1978) , Prem lal Bhatt (Umal, 1979) Jaggu Nautiyal (samlaun) published their poetry collection.
This is the period when the poetry collection of eight different poets in one volume ‘Dhai’ was also published .
The period of 1975-1981 is in real term the Golden era for Garhwali literature. This period witnessed the publications of many periodicals as Baduli edited by Govind Chatak, gadh Gaurav by Kunwar Singh Karmath, Maiti by Sateshwar sati, Hilans by Arjun Singh Gusain. ‘Shailvani is also published in this period.
This perod (1976-1980) saw many variation in the subjects and styles too. Poets showed their anger for lowering in political world, cutting of jungles and ecological downing in Garhwal, The Garhwali poems inspired people for supporting Chipko Andolan , Jevanand Shriyal and Ghanshyam Raturi are the poets of Chipko Andolan.
Bahuguna never fails to remind us that this period completed hundred years of modern Garhwali poetry or written form of Garhwali poetry. Garhwali poets came out with different subjects and different styles, contemporariness in their poems. Bahuguna stressed that in true sense, this period will be called Golden era for Garhwali Poetry.
Poets Contributed for Shailvani (1981)
The following poets contributed for Shailvani edited by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna :
Name of Poet Number of Poems
1- Harsh Puri Gusain 2
2-Leela Datt Kotnala 3
3-Harikrishna Daurgadatti Rudola 2
4-Atma Ram Gairola 2
5-Shashishekhranand Saklani 3
6-Bhawani Datt Thapliyal 2
7-Satyasharan Raturi 2
8-Tara Datt Gairola 2
9-Chandra Mohan Raturi 3
10-Yogendra Puri 3
11-Shiv Narayan Singh Bisht 2
12-Keshva Nand Kainthola 2
13-Totakriashna Gairola 1
14-Baldev Prasad Nautiyal 1
15-Sada Nand Jakhmola 1
16- Bhola Datt Devrani 2
17- Chakradhar Bahuguna 2
18-Bhajan Singh Singh 2
19- Kamal Sahityalankar 3
20- Bhagwati Charan Nirmohi 3
21-Tara Datt Lakheda ‘Naxatra’ 2
22-Sarvesh Juyal 2
23-Amar Nath Sharma 1
24-Murli Manohar Sati ‘Garhwali ’ 1
25- Vasundhara Dobhal 2
26-Uma Datt Naithani 1
27- Shridhar Jamloki 2
28- Jeeva Nand Shriyal 1
29-Kula Nand Bhartiya 1
30-Dr Purushotam Dobhal 2
31-Parush Ram Thapliyal ‘Buransh’ 2
32- Jeet Singh Negi 2
33- Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna 3
34- Mahima Nand Sundriyal 3
35-Girdhari Lal Thapliyal ‘Kankal’ 2
36-Sachidanand Kandpal 2
37- Prem Lal Bhatt 1
38-Sudama Prasad Dabral ‘Premi’ 2
39-Ram Prasad Gairola ‘Vinayi’ 1
40- jagdish Kiran 3
41- Bhagwan Singh Rawat ‘Akela’ 2
42-Shivanand Pandey ‘Premesh’ 2
43-Dr Govind Chatak 2
44- Kanhayalal Dandriyal 3
45- Nityanand Maithani 2
46-Sher singh gaddeshi 2
47-Dr Parth Sarthi Dabral 2
48-Dharma Nand Pathik 3
49-Dr Umashankar Satish 2
50 ghanshyam Raturi 2
51-Jaggu Naudiyal 1
52-lalt Mohan Keshwan 2
53- Pareshwar Gaud 2
54- Lokesh Navani 1
There is only one poem of these poets
55- Sadanand Kukreti
56-Ratnambar Chandola
57-Mahaveer Prasad Lakheda
58-Mahaveer Prasad Gairola
59-Vidyavati Dobhal
60-Dr Shivanand Nautiyal
61-Laxmi Prasad Painyuli
62-Sateshwar Azad
63-Dakshyani Datt Chandola
64-Keshva Nand Dhyani
65-Guna Nand Thapliyal
66-Yogesh Panthri
67-Jaya Nand Khugsal ‘Baulya’
68-Mahesh Tiwadi
69- Dr Chandra Mohan Chamoli
70-Chandra Singh Rahi
71-Durga Prasad Ghildiyal
72- Vinod Uniyal
73- Puran Pant ‘Pathik’
74-Netra Singh Aswal
75-Sain Singh Rawat
76-Ansuya Prasad Upadhyaya
77-Prakash Chand Purohit ‘Jaideep’
78-Jagdish Bijlwan
Primitive Poem (Adi Kavita ) -Daint Sanghar and Saidwali
Shailvani is milestone in many ways. Abodh Bahuguna collected the poems of seventy eight poets and wrote about eighty nine poets. Bahuguna also briefed the chronological history of Garhwali poetry.
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