Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -155

                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र

                             

                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)

  Bagpipe has reeds fed from constant reservoir of air in the form of a leather bag (Mashak). It is suggested that bagpipe was invented in Middle East but became more famous in Europe.

               Bagpipe is today called as folk music instrument of Garhwal and Kumaon, Bagpipe is one of the main musical instruments in marriage procession.

            Bagpipe has been introduced among common people of Garhwal and Kumaon by retired Fauji (army personnel) of British army especially Garhwal Rifle after 1814-15.Those Garhwali –Kumaoni army personnel were playing Bagpipe with army band they bought it to Uttarakhand. The local musician transformed European Highland Bagpipe as per local need.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 19/5/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References

1-Bharat Natyashastra

2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama

3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 

4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research

5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India

6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 

7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12

8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet

9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments

10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach

11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara

12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri

13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music

14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music  

15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya

16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya

17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj

18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India

19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas   

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 Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mushakbaj or Bagpipe an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument   in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia