Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -150

                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र

                              

                     Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)

         Mouth Organ is supposed to be invented in China as ‘Sheng’ 1000 Before Christ. No historical details are available about mouth organs being first used in Garhwal. It seems that   mouth organ was brought to Garhwal through Tibetans tourists or traders. Surprisingly, no cultural historians or historians discussed mouth organ or harmonica uses in Garhwal as musical instrument. Mouth organ might have become more popular in rural Garhwal in British Raj.

        Mouth Organ is a general term for free reed aerophone with one or more air chambers fitted with free reed.  The instrument is played by placing lip over holes or chamber and blowing or sucking the air for creating sound. .  

   Children in Garhwal used mouth organ very much in past or before 1960. This author, around 1964-65,  watched Jay Ram Jakhmola playing Mouth Organ and singing a Hindi Film Song ‘E Dil na hota bechara’ or a Ghazal of Talat Mahmud in Ramleela dram in Mitrgram (Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal) .

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 4/5/2014

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References

1-Bharat Natyashastra

2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama

3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 

4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research

5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India

6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 

7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12

8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet

9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments

10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach

11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara

12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri

13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music

 XX

Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument   in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia