Dholak a Membrophonic Musical Instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -162

                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र

                             

                     Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

   Dholak is usually used by professional class as Badi, Jagri in Garhwali folk Dramas as Jagri use Dholak in Hantya Ghadela (religious ritual).

            Dholak is two headed hand drum. Dholak has traditional cotton rope lacing, screw –turnbuckle tensioning or both combined in steel case ring for tuning or pegs inside the laces. The shell is made by cheap wood as Mango etc and membrane is made by goat leather. The drum is played by both hand either hung on shoulder, or kept on lap of player or kept on the ground.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 31/5/2014

Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References

1-Bharat Natyashastra

2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama

3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 

4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research

5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India

6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 

7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12

8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet

9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments

10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach

11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara

12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri

13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music

14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music 

15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya

16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya

17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj

18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India

19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas  

 XX

Dholak a Membrophonic Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays;  Dholak a Membrophonic Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Dholak a Membrophonic Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Dholak a Membrophonic Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Dholak a Membrophonic Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia;  Dholak a Membrophonic Musical Instrument  in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia

Thanking You . 

Jaspur Ka Bhishma Kukreti