Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane /Membranophonus Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -164  

                  गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र

                             

                     Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)

           Dhol Sagar a philosophical manuscript describes Bheri or Dundubi as musical instrument. Mahabharat also describes Bheri as musical instrument. Bhri or Dundubi is a different type of Nakkara. Usually Bheri or Dundubi is made of bronze or brass and looks as Tabla. The height of Dundubi or Bheri is 2 ½ feet to 3 feet. The face is made of leather and is played by sticks and in some places only by hand.

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 3/6/2014

Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

                 References

1-Bharat Natyashastra

2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama

3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life 

4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research

5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India

6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen 

7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12

8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet

9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments

10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach

11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara

12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri

13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music

14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music 

15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya

16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya

17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj

18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India

19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas  

 XX

Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas from Garhwal; Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas from Haridwar Garhwal; Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas from Dehradun Garhwal; Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas from Tehri Garhwal; Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas from Chamoli Garhwal; Bheri or Dundubi a Membrane Folk Musical Instrument of Garhwali Folk Dramas from Rudraprayag Garhwal;