History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -51
History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -296
By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)
Delhi Sultanate after Timur
On 17 December 1398, Timur attacked Delhi India to slaughter Hindus (Kafirs). He returned to
After destructing west Uttar Pradesh, Haridwar, South Garhwal, Himachal and Jammu, Timur reached Samarkand.
After Timur returning from India, Delhi Sultan Mahmud Tughaluq returned to Delhi from his hiding place. Sultan could not consolidate his lost territory due to Timur attack. Mahmud Tughluq died in 1413. In 1414, Khizr Khan captured Delhi Sultanate and founded sayyad Dynasty rule.
Attack on Katehar by Delhi Sultan Army
Katehar (Barely region) Rajput chieftains were always pain on the neck of Delhi Rulers. Katehar Hindu chieftains used to revolt against Delhi Rulers time to time. In 1416, Khijar Khan dispatched his huge army to suppress Katehar Jagirdar Rai Harsingh who declared him independent of Delhi rule refused to pay tributes to Delhi Sultanate. As soon as Sultanate army entered to Katehar, Harsingh hid into dense forest. The Sultanate army surrounded forest and there was battle between Harsingh and Khizr Khan Army. Harsingh was defeated and he ran towards Kumaon hills.
First Attack on Kumaon
The Delhi army commander Tazulmulk and his army followed Harsingh in Kumaon region. Harsingh ran towards interior of Kumaon and Delhi Army could not capture Harsingh in Kumaon. Delhi army destroyed many Kumaoni villages and made thousands of people slave. The Muslim Army looted valuables from Kumaon regions.
More Attacks on Katehar
Khizr Khan came to Katehar region to attack and punish on Harsingh and other Hindu rebellions. Khizr Khan cut the forests of Sambhal (Moradabad region) and bank of Ram Ganga. Again in 1420, Delhi army attacked on Katehar. Harsingh had to agree for paying tribute to Delhi Sultanate.
In 1423, Mubarak Shah (son of Ala ud din Khizr ) attacked on Katehar and collected taxes and tribute. Again when in 1424, Mubarak Shah reached to Ganga bank, Harsingh came to meet Delhi Sultan. Harsingh was kept captive in Sultan camp to agree past taxes and tribute.
Attack on Kumaon by Mubarak Army
The Sultanate army entered into Kumaon Bhabhar and then in hills. The army spent some time (definitely destructing the region) and when the season did not suit the army came down in plains through Ramganga bank. On that time, plains of present Uttar Pradesh was suffering from acute famine. The Sultan army returned to Delhi
The detailed description of Sultan army attacking on Kumaon is not available. However, it is definite that Sultan army crossed Ganga while coming to Katehar and returning to Delhi.
Therefore, it is easy guess that Sultan army entered to Kumaon by marching Talla Salan, Bhabhar, Malla Salan, Chandpur, Dwarhat and Baijnath.
Definitely, the people of Talla Salan, Bhabhar, Malla Salan, Chandpur, Dwarhat and Baijnath had suffered the wrath of Sultan army. Definitely Sultan army looted Talla Salan, Bhabhar, Malla Salan, Chandpur, Dwarhat and Baijnath regions.
Vikram Chandra was the ruler of Kali Kumaon and perhaps the son or heir of Vatsaraj was ruler of Dehradun, Dhangu Garh region. No mention is available of Haridwar in Khilji dynasty
Khizr Rule over Some parts of Haridwar?
The fief of Saharanpur was given to Sayyid Salim in the time of Khizr Khan. That means probably, whole of Haridwar or west of today’s Haridwar was under Khizr Khan.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com23/3//2014
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -297
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2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas
3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern
4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal
5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore
6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan
7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch
8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya
9-Shering, Western Tibet and British
10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal
11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal
12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun
13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas
14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas
15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities
16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History
17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture
18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books
19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications
20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika
21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages
22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties
23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization
24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians
25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India
26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter
Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued
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