History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 75
Lakhamandal, Kalikut (Kalsi) of present
Jaunsar Bawar and Ravain regions were important pilgrim places and trade
centers in North India from Mahabharata till Panwar dynasty took over Garhwal.
The
archeologists excavated various valuable historical materials from Lakhamandal
and nearby areas.
One of the important inscriptions
‘Ishwara Prashasti’ (Size: 2’,
10.5x1’x9’’) is found in Lakhamandal temples.
It seems that after the death of her husband,
widow Ishwara came to her parent home in Lakhamandal and arranged ‘Ishwara Prashasti’ in the memory of her
husband. There many theories about existence of Sainhpur.
Dr.
Dabral seems to be more logical that Singhpur/Sainhpur was near Srughnapur
(Sudhgaon of today’s Saharanpur) and near to Kalsi too. Ishwara would have
married to a chieftain of Sainhpur/Singhpur and she came back to parent place when
she lost her husband.
Dabral suggests that that one name of Srughna
pur was Sainhpur and a Singhvarman king established a kingdom there by his
name. In later stage, the name of kingdom/chieftain area or Janapada became
Sainhpur.
There are twenty two
‘sholkas’ in the inscription.
There are names of following kings in Ishwara
inscriptions of Lakhamandal –
S.N.----King Name -------------------Relation with last King
---------------Title given in inscription
1----Shri
Senvarman----------------
2----Shri Aryavarman ---------------Son ------------------------------
3-Shri Devvarman---------------- Son
------------------------------
4--- Shri Pradiptvarman ------------------- son ------------------------------
5- Shri Ishwarvarman ------------------------- Son
------------------------------
6- Shri Vridhivarman -------------------son
------------------------------
7- Shri Singhvarman -------------------son
------------------------------
8 --Shri Jal
------------------------------
9- Shri Yagyavarman ----------------- son
------------------------------
10- Shri Achalvarman ------------------son
------------------------------
11- Shri Divakarvarman -----------------son
------------------------ Nripatish,
Mahaghanghal, Bhad /Bhatt?
12- Shri Bhashkarvarman
-------------- Brother ----------------------- Nripatipal/ Ripughanghal
Senvarman was either founder of Yaduvansh in Sainhpur or Yaduvansh got
familiarity after Shri Senvarman. According to Jaysawal, the initiation period
of Yadyvansh of Senvarman is around 250AD. The Yaduvansh might have ended
around 635 AD.
The praiseworthy word
‘Rajarshi’ suggest that he was disciplined king.
Nripati Shri Aryavarman
Aryavarman has
strong character.
Shri
Devvarman used to eradicate the fear of his subject, was donor, anxious in
winning for his family, and was destroyer of enemies. That means there were a
couple wars in the time of Shri
Devvarman.
Shri Pradiptvarman
Shri Pradiptvarman was an angry man and did not pardon his
enemies. He had pride.
Shri
Ishwarvarman was a religious king.
Shri Vridhivarman
Shri
Vridhivarman was a prosperous king and was helpful.
Shri Singhvarman
Shri Singhvarman was strong king, was dangerous for enemies and soft for
others. He was donors.
Shri
Jalvarman was peaceful in nature
Shri
Yagyavarman was religious king.
Ghanghal means Bhad (Brave)
Ghanghal word is used to praise the last three kings. This Ghanghal word
seems to be local words for brave man in that time.
Shri Achalvarman Ghanghal was peaceful but
used to punish enemies in wars.
Shri
Divakarvarman was Mhaghanghal or strongest king.
Shri Bhaskarvarman Ripughanghal
Shri
Bhaskarvarman Ripughanghal was very strong king. It is praised in ‘Ishwara Prashasti’ that he won other kingdoms.
It seems that he campaigned to win over the territories of south Uttarkashi.
He had only one queen
that is Jayavali. Jayavali was daughter of king Kapilvardhan.
Ishwara was daughter
of Shri Bhaskarvarman Ripughanghal and Jayavali. Ishwara was married to
Chandragupta the crown prince of Jalandhar. She was widowed in her young age.
She came to her parent house after her husband death. She built a temple there
in Sainhpur Lakhamandal. She built the
temple for keeping forever the fame and name of her husband Chandragupta.
Vasudev
Bhatt the poet of excellence
There are twenty two Sanskrit Shlokas in
Ishwara inscription. These Shlokas express that the poetry creator was great
poet (court poet). The poetry creator describes his details on the last stanza.
His name was Vasudev Bhatt, whose father name was Bhattskand and his grandfather
name was Kshemshiv Bhatt. It is written there at the end - ‘ Bhattvasudev ainan prashstikarodayodhyesh:’.
That means this poet had relation with Ayodhya. It may be possible that Vasudev
Bhatt was from Himachal and his forefathers might have migrated to Kullu from
Ayodhya.
Ishwarnag
Ishwarnag
the son of Nagdatt erected and incised the ‘inscriptions. He was great
craftsman. Ishwarnag wrote there that he was from Roditak. Bhullat states that
Ishwarnag was
from Rahtak. Dr. Dabral refused to agree upon this theory.
No difference between ‘B’ and ‘V’ letters
There are mistakes
in carving ‘Ba’ and ‘Va’ letterings. Garhwalis still don’t differentiate
between ‘Ba’ and ‘Va’ as Basant is also written/pronounced ‘Vasant. That shows
that Ishwarnag was from Lakhamandal region only. ’
Education
There was arrangement
for education.
The
character of Ishwara states that on that time women used to follow one husband
system in the region. Bhaskarvarman had
only one wife.
Shaivism
The temples
and inscriptions definitely prove that Buddhism was totally declined in this
period and Shaivism was on rise.
Yagya and other
rituals were necessary to get prosperity, children. Disciplinary, truthful life
had values in society.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 18/06/2013
References:
1-Jayswal, Andhkaryugin Bharat
2-Shiv Prasad Dabra, ‘Charan’, 1968, Uttarkhadn ka Itihas,
Bhag –1 and 3
3-Rahul Sankrityayan , Garhwal
4-Vasudev Upadhyaya, Gupta Samrajya ka Itihas
5- Raj Pruthi, 2004, The Classical Age
6-Dinesh Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
7-Arun Kumar Mishra, 1992, The Trading Communities in
Ancient India:
8- Indian Archeology Review, 1968-69
9- Archeological Survey Catalogue, Chamoli and Dehradun
Circle on Internet (Notification number 1669/1133-M/-27/12/1920
10 Chhabda
11-Vatsa and Agarwal article on U.P. Historical Society,
July 1944
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed
for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be
continued… Part -76
__________________
Notes on History Aspects of Yadava/Yadu Dynasty of Sainhpur
or Singhpur of Chakrata, Lakhamandal, Dehradun, Garhwal (250-635 AD); History
Aspects of Yadava/Yadu Dynasty of Sainhpur or Singhpur of Gauraghati, Chakrata,
Lakhamandal, Dehradun, Garhwal (250-635 AD); History Aspects of Yadava/Yadu
Dynasty of Sainhpur or Singhpur of Kwasi, Chakrata, Lakhamandal, Dehradun, Garhwal
(250-635 AD); History Aspects of Yadava/Yadu Dynasty of Sainhpur or Singhpur of
Juddo, Chakrata, Lakhamandal, Dehradun, Garhwal (250-635 AD); History Aspects
of Yadava/Yadu Dynasty of Sainhpur or Singhpur of Chimri, Chakrata, Lakhamandal,
Dehradun, Garhwal (250-635 AD); History Aspects of Yadava/Yadu Dynasty of
Sainhpur or Singhpur of Nagthat, Chakrata, Lakhamandal, Dehradun, Garhwal (250-635
AD); History Aspects of Yadava/Yadu Dynasty of Sainhpur or Singhpur of Bratkhai,
Chakrata, Lakhamandal, Dehradun, Garhwal (250-635 AD);
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