History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand) - Part 84
(Asian Classical Age History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar (Uttarakhand))
(Asian History (600-750 AD)
The Vishnuvarman administrative order copper inscriptions provide a couple of aspects for taxation in Paurava rule over Brahampur.
The main source of revenue for the kingdom was taxation on the people.
Bhagik and Bhogik officers were responsible for collecting taxes.
Bhag was tax on agriculture produces and it was sixth portion of agriculture produced by farmers. There were other types of taxes those were collected by Karik and Kulcharik officers.
There were gold coins popular in the kingdom but definitely silver coins and copper coins would be there.
Agriculture Administration in Parvatakar Kingdom of Paurava Period
The king was the owner of land. The king used to allocate land to families who were ultimate owners of farms. Divirpati and Kaystha were officers to administrate agriculture land. There was rule for land selling agreement or notification.
Kedari means irrigated land and Chauras means non-irrigated land.
There is use of Bhel word similar to present meaning.
Measuring land- The units for measuring land were seeds and as Dronvapam (seeds sown one doon); Kharivapam (20 Doon). Kulyavapam means land where one Kulya seeds is sown.
Major Earning Means in Parvatakar Kingdom of Paurava Period
The agriculture was main means of earning. Agriculture was dependent on rain. There was shortage of irrigating water in plains of Uttarakhand (Bawar/Tarai). Pond erection was common as found in Moradhwaj (Bijnor) ruins. Gold dust was exported from the region.
Dresses in Parvatakar Kingdom of Paurava Period
Moradhwaj excavation puts light on dressing, religions of this period too. The men and women used to put small ‘dhoti’. The people of plains did not have upper garment. The women used to have ornaments.
***Historical, Social, Cultural, economical, Administration Aspects in Parvatakar Kingdom of Paurava to be continued in part 85
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 28/06/2013
(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand) to be continued… Part -85
References:
1-Jayswal, K.P., Andhkaryugin Bharat
2-Shiv Prasad Dabra, ‘Charan’, 1968, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Bhag –1 and 3
3-Rahul Sankrityayan , Garhwal
4-Dinesh Saklani, 1998, Ancient Communities of the Himalayas
7-Arun Kumar Mishra, 1992, The Trading Communities in Ancient India:
8- Indian Archeology Review, 1968-69
12-Thapliyal, K.K, 1984, Inscriptions of Maukharis, Late Guptas, Pushyabhutis and Yashovarman of Kanauj
13-Uma Prasad Thapliyal, 2005, Uttaranchal: Historical and Cultural Prospective (Page 29, about Authority of Maukharis on Uttarakhand and Haridwar)
14-.Tripathi, R.S., History of Kanauj
15-Encyclopedia of Ancient Indian Geography Kashi-Z, Volume-2; Edited by Subodh Kapoor, 2002, page 459-460
16-Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, Doon Valley down the Ages, page 33
17-Kamboj, B.P., 2003, Early Wall Painting of Garhwal, page 20
18- Archeological Survey 1968-69 A Review, page-51
19-Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, 1974 page -9
20-Kiran Kumar Thapliyal, Studies in Ancient Seals, 1972,
21-Tara Chand Tripathi, Preceding of Indian History Congress, 1982, Identification of Beahmpur in the Light of Taleshwar copper Grant
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