Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of a Kumaoni King Rudra Chandra

 (History of Kumaon from 1000-1790 AD)

         (History of Chand Dynasty Rule in Kumaon)

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 170

                                              By: Bhishma Kukreti

                        The historians have two three medium of knowing the history of Rudra Chandra a Chand King of certain Kumaon regions.  Ain-e-Akbari-; Tarikhe Badauni, Akbari Darbar, Akbarnama and folklores from Kumaon region are the medium of knowing about history aspects of Rudra Chandra a contemporary of Akbar .

                 It is said that the commander of Rudra Chandra defeated the commander of Katehar chieftain of Akbar in Tarai region. Akbar invited Chand king Rudra Chandra to talk in 1581. However, due to soft corner of Akbar for Hindus raged the Muslim fanatics not only in India but in his forefather territory too.

              The opposition from Muslim fanatics changed the affected political situation all across India including Middle Himalayan region –Garhwal and Kumaon.

 The chieftains of Bengal and Bihar were displeased from social reform by Akbar. The fanatical Islamic religious leaders decided to crown Muhammad Hakim (brother of Akbar and was regional head of Kabul) for India. The Islamic religious leader/Kaji of Jaunpur declared (fatava) that it was a duty of each Muslim to oppose Akbar.  There was revolt against Akbar in Bihar, Bengal, Awadh, and places as Allahabad.   Muhammad Hakim started his journey to come Agra (the capital of Mogul). Akbar started his journey to Punjab for suppressing the revolt of his brother Muhammad Hakim. The chieftain of Katehar revolted against Akbar when Akbar was in Punjab. The Mogul commanders Arab Bahadur, Niyamat Khan and Shahddan of Sambha revolted against Akbar and surrounded Bareli fort.  The armies of these commanders started looting Kumaoni people in Bhabhar, Tarai and hill regions.  Akbarnama by Shrivastava describes that chieftains of Kumaon regions also started looting the Mogul territory. Raja Ram Shah, Mukutsen and Karan of Kumaon regions also inspired people under Mogul territory to revolt against Akbar.

 The Mogul chieftain of Bareli Ain-e-Mulk discarded among rebellions and got Niyamat Khan and Kumaoni chieftains on his side. Ain-e-Mulk defeated the rebellions Arab Bahadur   and Shahddat. They flew into hills of Kumaon. Arab Bahadur started looting people of Kumaon hills and Bhabhar region. Abdul Fatah killed Arab Bahadur in Sherkot Pargana of Kumaon.

                      Akbarnama describes Raja Ram Shah, Mukutsen and Karan as hill kings. However, such names are not found there in Kumaoni history of that time. It seems that Raja Ram Shah, Mukutsen and Karan were Thokdar or regional heads of Chand king.

   

**Read more on Seera conquer by Rudra Chandra in History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar) - Part 171

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti -bckukreti@gmail.com 24/10/2013

                                      References

Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag 10, Kumaon ka Itihas 1000-1790

Badri Datt Pande, 1937, Kumaon ka Itihas, Shri Almora Book Depo Almora

Devidas Kaysth, Itihas Kumaon Pradesh

Katyur ka Itihas, Pundit Ram Datt Tiwari

Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore

Atkinson, History of District Gazette

Menhadi Husain, Tuglak Dynasty

Malfujat- E Timuri

Tarikh -e-Mubarakshahi vol 4

Kumar Suresh Singh2005, People of India

Justin Marozzi, 2006, Tamerlane: Sword of Islam

Bakshsingh Nijar, 1968, Punjab under Sultans 1000-1526 

The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 13 page 52 

Bhakt Darshan, Gadhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan

Mahajan V.D.1991, History of Medieval India

Majumdar R.C. (edited) 2006, The Sultanate

Rizvi, Uttar Taimur Kalin Bharat

Tarikhe Daudi

Vishweshara nand , Bharat Bharti lekhmala

Aine-e Akbari

Akbari Darbar

Tareekh Badauni

Eraly Abraham, 2004 The Mogul Throne

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

                           

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -171   

History of Kumaon (1000-1790) to be continued….

 Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History of Chand Dynasty rule in Kumaon to be continued…

  (Middle Himalayan, Indian Medieval Age History (740-1790 AD to be continued…)

Notes on Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of a Kumaon region; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of a Champawat; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Almora a Kumaon region; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon region; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Ranikhet Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Nainital  Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Danpur Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Sore, Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Gangolihat Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of Khagmara Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Faldakot Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Pali Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  baramandal Kumaon; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Kumaon north to Pilibhit; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Kumaon north to Bareli ; Opposition of Akbar from Muslim fanatics at the Time of Rudra Chandra the king of  Kumaon Moradabad;