Business by Khadwal community in British Garhwal

British Administration in Garhwal   -203

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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -223

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            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1056

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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

      Khadwal community businessmen were suppliers and distributors as well for Bhotiya businessmen.  Khadwal used to distribute the salt brought by Bhotiyas from Tibet to each corner of Garhwal, Haridwar and Nazibabad. Khadwal used to buy grains and other items from Garhwal, Nazibabad, and Haridwar and used to sell Bhotiyas for trading in Tibet. Bhotiyas used to earn gross profit of 700% from Tibet salt. Garhwal did not have salt and Gur. Therefore, they had to depend on import for Gur and salt. Khadwal used to keep 350% profit on Salt. However, transportation was through sheep and was tedious for both the business communities. Khadwal or Bhotiya could travel 7 -8 kilometers per day. Bhotiya or Khadwal were paying high interest on goods purchased on credit.

   Khadwal also had trade relation with Bhotiyas of Johar , Pithoragarh. Khadwal used to buy woolen cloths or wool from Johar Bhotiyas and sell the same in Garhwal.    

References  

1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456

2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.2

3-Moorcrft et all, Travels in Hindustan Vol 1 page 9-56

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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India,bjkukreti@gmail.com 22/10/2017

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1057

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*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter

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(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

 History of British Garhwal, History of Devalgarh Garhwal; History of Badhan Garhwal; History of Barasyun Garhwal; History of Chandpur Garhwal; History of Chaundkot Garhwal; History of  Gangasalan Garhwal;  History of Mallasalan Garhwal;  History ofTallasaln Garhwal; History of Dashauli Garhwal; History of Nagpur Garhwal; Sociity  in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal ,  Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal