Gurkha/Gorkha Ignoring Commerce Development in Garhwal and Kumaon

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 44

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -107    

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -628

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

       Commercial Food Grains of Garhwal and Kumaon in Gurkha/Gorkha period

                Commonly, people used to take food grains as –different millets, and coarse grains. Dr Dabral mentions Maize too. However, this author’s opinion is that Maize and Amaranth would have not been so popular by that time. Besides food grains, people used to depend on forest produces as bark, roots, shoots and leaves, seeds buds etc. People used to boil the mentioned forest items with Chanch/Butter Milk or other curry materials.

             People used to grow rice and wheat for paying tax.  Taxes were taken in money and as well by grains.

   People used to take wheat rice and other cash crops in Kandi/bamboo Baskets, on horses and used to travel more than forty fifty miles to sell such items. People used to sell those items in Wholesale Markets as-Bhabhr , Nazibabad, Chattis of pilgrim highways, fairs. People used to get one rupee for twenty five Ser Wheat (around 25 Kilos) in Haridwar.

 In Ruhelkhand Mandi (Nazibabad), seller used to get one rupee for twenty Five Ser Wheat.

The rate of rice in Badrinath was one third rupee for two and half Ser rice and one rupee for Seven Ser Rice.

                   In Almora, the rate of 32 Ser Wheat was one Farukhabadi rupee. In interior of Garhwal, the rate of 100 Ser of Wheat was one rupee. The Gurkha administrators used to apply tactics not to increase rate for grains.

              The Salan people used to visit Nazibabad, Bhabhar, Haridwar, and Dehradun to sell their grains. The farmers of Upper Garhwal used to sell grains to Bhotiya traders. Bhotiya Traders used to sell grains in Tibet and used bring salt to sell in Garhwal.

*** This chapter References –

Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson

 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal: John Company at war

English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816

Garhwal Settlement Reports

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com3/5//2015

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -629

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX

                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX

History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, History Himachal; 

Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,

Xx

History Crossing Rivers in Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon and Pauri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Nainital Kumaon and Chamoli Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Almora Kumaon and Rudraprayag Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Champawat Kumaon and Tehri Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Bageshwar Kumaon and Uttarkashi Garhwal in Gurkha Period; History Crossing Rivers in Pithoragarh Kumaon and Dehradun Garhwal in Gurkha Period;