Export and Import in Uttarakhand in Gurkha /Gorkha Period

Gurkha/Gorkha Ignoring Commerce Development in Garhwal and Kumaon -6

History Discussion on Gurkha/Gorkha Administration in Garhwal - 49

History of Gorkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -112    

   History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -633

                          By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

                               Exportable Items from Uttarakhand

Agro Products- Grains- Rice, Wheat, Millets, Pulses, soyabean (Bhatt), linen, muster, turmeric, ginger, garlic, Elephant ear yam, Keshar, Nagkeshar, Pomegranates, opium, Ghee, Honey, Oil, Horses, Dogs , domestic animals etc.

Forest Produces- Blue berries, Figs, Dalchini, Tejpatta, Herbs, Medicianl Plants, Forest Honey, Chanvar, Kasturi,  Bhojpatra, Bamboo verities, Grass, wood articles and furniture wood, gums, lakhs, resins, coal, animals, wild animals skins, etc

Minerals- Lime stones, colored clay, chalks, sulfates, plumbs, copper, iiron, boxites, Tibet Salt, Gold dust, Shilajit

Finished goods- Woolen goods, blankets, hemp articles, rugs, wood vessels, bamboo vessels and articles, baskets, khukri, Handle of swords, knives, copper vessels and utensils, idosl, Hill paper, Hill inks, resin articles, Tarpine, Opium, Charas etc.

Human- All categories

                 Articles Imported in Garhwal, Kumaon  

  Edible Items- Mountain Salt, Oil, Sugar, jiggery, spices, beetle nuts, Coconuts, Dry fruits, tobacco leaves,

Dress Materials- cotton raw materials, silk, dresses, high quality woolen dresses, embroider dresses.

Music Instruments-

Color and resins- Indigo, Gulal, Abeer, soaps, Mirror

Metals and Metal articles- Metal products of Europe, Iron and copper items, Tin etc Currencies

Miscellaneous Imported items – Guns, Gun Powders, papers ink etc

Items from Tibet- Salt, Bauxites, Gold dust, wool and woolen products, Sheep and goats, Tibetan caws, horses, dogs, Chanvar, Musket, medicinal plants and medicines, gems etc

Dr Dabral mentioned Maize, Amaranth and Red Chili as export items from Garhwal. However, those items were not commonly grown in Garhwal in Gurkha Period.  

*** This chapter References –

Moorcroft, Travels in Hindustan Atkinson

 Trail, Sketches of Kumaon 

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal: John Company at war

English Pre Mutiny Records, Kumaon 1816

Garhwal Settlement Reports

** Most of references and details were taken from Dr Dabral

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com8/5//2015

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -634

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter 

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX

                    Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886 , Gazetteer of  Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021 

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Sharma , Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo  –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University  Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram  , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

XXX

History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand;  Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal; 

Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par  Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas;  Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha  Rule in Himachal,

Xx

History, Export and Import in Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Gurkha /Gorkha Period; History, Export and Import in Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Gurkha /Gorkha Period; History, Export and Import in Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Gurkha /Gorkha Period; History, Export and Import in Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Gurkha /Gorkha Period; History, Export and Import in Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Gurkha /Gorkha Period; History, Export and Import in Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand in Gurkha /Gorkha Period;