Tax Determination in Beckett settlement

Characteristics of Beckett Settlement in Garhwal -3

                            British Administration in Garhwal   -37       

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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -54

            History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -891

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                              By: Bhishma Kukreti (History Student)

    After measurement completion, officials used to make a report ‘Ganv Halatnama’. There were records of village name, area, agriculture land, details of past settlements and population. After analyzing those details, Beckett used to announce the tax figures before, village chiefs and land owners. Beckett settlement exposed the past hidden land went untaxed. Beckett levied least tax on the new agricultural land created by the farmers from forest land. Tax was increased on such land slowly after two three years.

           Beckett settlement identified three types of land (Atkinson)

‘Sera’ (Irrigated land

Ukhari Abbal or top class non-irrigated land

Doyam Ukhari or second class non- irrigated land

 The tax determination formula on the above land was as follows

‘Sera’ beesee (Irrigated land – 2 ‘K’

Ukhari Abbal beesee or top class non-irrigated land – 1.5 ‘K’

Doyam Ukhari beesee or second class non- irrigated land- ‘K’

 Beckett was of an opinion that there must be more tax on irrigated land. Beckett reported “ I paid attention on following aspects for determining the tax and future possibilities for influencing the income.  It is very laborious job for constructing walls for constructing the farm from steep hill land where the females are more than males or there are old males. In many cases, the land was far from the village neither village villagers could crop the land nor other village’s Paykast could do farming. In many villages, the wild animls destroy the crops or wild animals kill the domestic animals. I analyzed thoroughly and determined lesser tax on such situation” (Beckett, page 8)

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Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti Mumbai, India, bckukreti@gmail.com 4/9/2016

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -892

*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

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References  

 1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page-193-194

2-Beckett Garhwal Settlement report page 8

3- Atkinson, Himalayan districts vol.3, 298

4-Pauri Garhwal Settlement report page 53

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History of British Rule, Administration Tax Determination in Beckett settlement, Tax Determination in Beckett settlement Policies, Tax Determination in Beckett settlement Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; Tax Determination in Beckett settlement History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Tax Determination in Beckett settlement History of British Rule, Administration, Tax Determination in Beckett settlement Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; Tax Determination in Beckett settlement, History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand Tax Determination in Beckett settlement ;   

Xx

History of British Rule, Administration , Policies, Revenue system,  over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule , Administration , Policies Revenue system  over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies ,Revenue system  over Dehradun , Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand ; History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, ,Revenue system  over Bageshwar  Kumaon, Uttarakhand ;

History of British Rule, Administration, Policies, Revenue system over Haridwar, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand;