Analysis of Garhwali Counting –Out Folk Songs and Counting –Out Children songs of other languages
Bhishma Kukreti
Counting teaching by society has been taking place from centuries ago. The following major aspects are important to discuss the uniqueness of children counting song of any language or region.
1- People learn through observations
Psychologists as Albert Bandura observed through their researches that child or people learn many aspects through observations. Bandura identified following three models of learning through observations
1A-The live model acts as influencing learning
1B- A verbal instruction model (explanations and description)
1C- a symboli model as icon, characters in books, films etc
2- Mental factors are important too as pride, satisfaction and sense of achievement
3- It is not necessary that learning changes behaviour
4a- Not all observed are affectively learned
4b--Learning requires attention
4c-Learning requires retention
5-Learning also requires motivation
Learning Counting through Songs and Aspects of ‘Numerical Mechanism and children Concept of Counting’
Scientists, psychologists, sociologists and educationists discovered many findings about counting in relation to children. These findings are very important in judging the importance of songs related to teaching counting to children. Some relevant observations about numerical mechanism and children concept of counting are as:
1-Mramasse et all state that as like animals, children are quite accurate about small numbers and can compute approximately the large numbers
2- Starkley et all (1983) found that the infants of 4 to 7 .5 months old child can discriminate two items from three items but not 4 items from 6 items.
3-Strauss and Curtis (1981) found that 10-12 months old infants can discriminate 3 from 4 items and sometimes 4 from 5 items. However, it is not clear tha infants know 2 is higher than 1
4- In Garhwali, Kumauni (Indian), Chinese languages, the teaching of numbers were grouped in either ten or twenty. For example, in ancient Garhwal and Kumaun (India (before 1947 or when education was sin scarcity) , the numbers were spoken in terms of twenty as 58 =two twenty and eighteen (dwee beesi ar sattara)
5 Counting principles: Gelman and Galistel (1978) briefed about five counting principle of learning
5a- One-to-One theory: The theory stresses the significance of assigning only one counting tag to each counted arrangement
5b-The Stable order theory: Counting occupies more than the ability to allot arbitrary tags to iems in array.
5c-The cardinal theory: The theory reproduces the child’s understanding that the last number word of an arrangement of counted items has a particular meaning: it signifies the set as a whole and the numerosity of this set of articles.
5d-The abstraction theory: The realization is reflected what is counted. it is found that the 2-3 years old infants can count mixed sets of objects
5e-The order-irrelevance theory: the child has to learn that the order of enumeration is irrelevant
6 -Early Arithmetical Skills
Starkey (1992) showed that very young children could represent numerical quantities without the use of language.
7-Arithmatical development: The child learns the culture’s numbers words and associates these words with sets of objects as - five for all fingers
Garhwali Counting-Out Children Folk Songs
अंक अर अंक गणित सम्बन्धी बाल गीत
(गढ़वाली बालगीत , उत्तराखंडी बालगीत , हिमालयी बालगीत, भारतीय बालगीत )
एक -म्यरा खुट सेक , ek myara khut sek
द्वी - से पाणी पी dwee- se pani pee
तीन - गोर हरची गीन teen – gor harchi geen
चार -बुखा गार char – bukha gar
पांच - अब पे ब्यटा छांच panch – ab pe byata chhanch
छै - ल़े बुबा दै chhai – le buba dai
सात - पकड़ म्यार हात sat – pakad myaar hat
आठ - चल बटी बाट aath- chal bati baat
नौ - पकड़ म्यारो पौ nau- pakad myar pau
दस -अब कैर बस das – ab kair bas
(From book Garhwali Balgeet by Dr Nand Kishor Dhoundiyal and Dr m Dhoundiyal)
Counting-Out Children Song in German language
1, 2 Polizei ,
7 , 8 gute nacht
(Poem by Henry Carrington Bolton (1888) )
There are tens of children songs helping children to learn counting in United Kingdom. One example is as:
“One, two, buckle my shoe,
three, four, open the door,
five, six, pick-up sticks,
seven, eight, lay them straight
eleven, twelve, dig and delve,
thirteen, fourteen, maids a-courting,
fifteen, sixteen, maids in the kitchen,
seventeen, eighteen, ladies waiting,
nineteen, twenty, my plate's empty.”
Pimpa
The children counting songs of America, Italy, China and in other countries are in the above pattern
1- After studying the psychological points cited the above, it may be said that though the song creators were not psychologists but they took care about the nature of human beings ability to learn counting
2- In all songs including Garhwali (Indian) folk song, the objectives are fit with the song that children associate the known objective with the numbers
3-Tthe song creators were aware about importance of attention of child and then retention by the child aspects in learning counting
4- The words in children counting-out songs are simple and kept to create poetic rapture that children repeat the songs within groups or individually.
The above analysis and psychological aspects described in this write up confirms that the Garhwali Children Counting-Out Folk Songs are perfetc songs for learning numbers by children.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti bckukreti@gmail.com
No comments:
Post a Comment
आपका बहुत बहुत धन्यवाद
Thanks for your comments