British Administration in Garhwal -209
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History of British Rule/Administration over Kumaun and Garhwal (1815-1947) -229
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History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -1063
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Before British rule started, there was no much difference between roads of pilgrim roads and two village’s roads. It was difficult two loaded horses crossing each other in any road. it was difficult two marriage processions crossing each other.
Garhwal Kings and Gorkha rulers never knew the social befitting works. The villagers constructed their roads as per geographical needs. Otherwise roads were made by regular human and domestic animals walks and not made by man.
Gorkha constructed a narrow road from Kali River to Alaknand River. A narrow road was constructed from Nalapani to Nahan by Gorkha administration.
British started first by constructing army raod from Bhamori Ghate, Brahmadeu to Almora and Pithoragarh. The road from Brahmadeu was connected to Lahughat. There was travelling on those roads for whole year and loaded animals could cross each other. British administration constructed another commercial road from plains to Dhikuli to Kumaon in 1828.
In Garhwal, there was no plan for road construction till 1828.
Trail started road construction from Haridwar to Badrinath in 1827-1828. Trail did not take help from any engineer for planning. Trail himself used to supervise the works. it is said that Trail used to cut or dig stone when there was steep stone hurdle. He used to go for marking on steep hill with the help of roped basket. Trail used to sit in roped basket and helpers used to take rope and he used to jump here and there for marking. Trail travelled from Badrinath to Kedarnath for road survey.
Trail also discovered a road from Kumaon to Mansarovar. Church officials criticized Trail for that he was promoting idol worshipping.
By 1834, Haridwar –Badrinath road was completed. animals and men could cross each other on that road. By 1835, government constructed roads from Rudraprayag to Kedarnath, Ukhimath to Chamoli, Chandpur to Kumaon via Lobha. Kumaon was connected to Ruhelkhand. So Ruhelkhand was connected to Badrinath via Kumaon. The length of such roads was 300 miles and cost was Rs. 25000.Sadavrat tax was used on road construction.
The successors of Trail kept road construction works alive. Workers completed road construction from Joshimath to Neeti in 1840. There was road from Shrinagar to Almora and Shrinagar to Kotdwara to Nazibabad by 1841.
References
1-Shiv Prasad Dabral ‘Charan’, Uttarakhand ka Itihas, Part -7 Garhwal par British -Shasan, part -1, page- 343-456
2- Atkinson, Himalayan Districts Vol.2,
2 A- Trail Sketch of Kumaon, Asiatic Researches
3-Pau, Garhwal settlement
4- Becket, Garhwal Settlement Report
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History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -1065
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*** History of British Rule/Administration over British Garhwal (Pauri, Rudraprayag, and Chamoli1815-1947) to be continued in next chapter
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(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)
History of British Garhwal, History of Devalgarh Garhwal; History of Badhan Garhwal; History of Barasyun Garhwal; History of Chandpur Garhwal; History of Chaundkot Garhwal; History of Gangasalan Garhwal; History of Mallasalan Garhwal; History of Tallasaln Garhwal; History of Dashauli Garhwal; History of Nagpur Garhwal; Society in British Garhwal. History of British Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith in Chamoli Garhwal, History of Social Structure and Religious Faith of Pauri Garhwal , Social and Culture History of Rudraprayag Garhwal
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