When, I posted the letter of ' Challenge to Hindi Lover' I got call from literature friends and literature creator as MS Lokesh Navani, Madan Duklan, Puran Pant Pathik, Keshar Singh Bisht.
You also saw the letters of MS Vipin Panwar, Sunil Uniyal, Girish Dhoundiyal and Parashar Gaud.
in conversation, one matter came on the surface that " Khsanilayen" of Hindi poetry form are also smaller in size and numbers of words. However, the main differences between Kshanikayen and Bajuband poems are
1- Bajuband poems are in lyrical nature or Bajuband poems are sung as song , बाजूबंद कवितायेँ गेय होती हैं
2- The first part of bajuband is meaningless but is necessary for making Bajuband as lyrical
उदहारण:
पोरु
वीन
सुपिनों माँ
कैकी
नारंगी तोडीं
ऐंसू
जैका लिम्बो तोडे
ललत केशवन कृत गढ़वाली में क्षनिका )
बाजूबंद के उदहारण :
१- धनिया को बीज--क्या तरसेन त्वै फर तू बिराणी चीज
२- लोहा गढ़ी छेणी -- कनु बिसर्युं तेरी भुक्की पेनी
गेयता का बड़ा अंतर क्षनिक और बाजूबंद में है और यही करण है की बाजूबंद काव्य अभिनव, अनोखा, सर्व श्रेष्ठ काव्य कहलाया जाता है --
Copyright : Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका
Wednesday, October 7, 2009
गढ़वाली बाजूबंद काव्य - 1 - Garhwali Bajuband Kavya -1 (Garhwali Love Poems )
Garhwali , Kumaoni , Himalayan Folk Songs
Comparison between Haiku and Bajuband a Garhwali folk poetry
(Characteristics of Haiku a Japanese poetry and Bajuband Poetry )
Bhishma Kukreti
Bajuband is one of the smallest form of poem in terms of lines, syllabus are concerned. There is a form of poem Haiku, which was a folk poetry of Japan. However, due to hard works of Japanese poets, this form of poetry has been adopted in many languages . Even Garhwali poets are experimenting by writing Garhwali poems in Haiku form.
Characteristics of Haiku
The poem form of Haiku comprises of 17 syllables and normally there are three lines I n Haiku.
There must be five syllables in first line, second line has seven and there will be five syllables in the third line.
Each haiku includes a season word that is ‘Kigo’ and Kigo specifies in which the haiku poem is set. In haiku, season is not that much important as the cutting or division between two contrasting parts. The English Haiku creators use dash or colon to designates the division of cutting.
The example of an English Haiku is as under created by Sunil Uniyal ( Ref-1)-
the Olympic torch-relay ~
stranded
in a road-jam
A Garhwali poet Virendra Panwar created Haiku poem in Garhwali as -
Badal raini
Dar ka birdyan
Bathon banee si
बादल रैनी
डार का बिर्दयाँ
बथौं बानी सी
Characteristics of Bajuband poem
The Garhwali Bajuband poem is couplet. The first part is meaningless but is necessary for making poem poetic and care is taken in choosing the words that the whole poem becomes rhyme or melodious. The second part has five to seven words only, having real meaning of the poem and these five or seven words make the main point of the Bajuband poem. Example :
Laguli ka mod---pathli kamar tuti jali ko lagalu जोड़
लगुली को मोड़ --पथली कमर टूटी जाली को लगालो जोड़
‘Laguli ka mod’ part is meaningless for the poem and seven words ( Pathli kamar tuti jali ko lagalo jod) of second part is having complete meaning of the poem.
The meaning of last part of poetry is that the waist of lover or a girl is so delicate that if it is broken who will rejoin the broken waist (No body would be able to rejoin ) .
Both the forms of poem are marvelous pieces of poetic forms and Bajuband and Haiku forms have their own significances in world poetry . Both the poetic forms I.e. Haiku and Bajuband are marvelous piece of invention by the mankind and we should continue advancement of such kinds of poetic forms.
1- Uniyal, Sunil , 2009, The Olympic Torch - A Haiku,
http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-olympic-torch-a-haiku/
2-Panwar Virendra, 2004,Inma Kankwaki aan vasant, Dhad Prakashan, India (pp 33-34
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
Comparison between Haiku and Bajuband a Garhwali folk poetry
(Characteristics of Haiku a Japanese poetry and Bajuband Poetry )
Bhishma Kukreti
Bajuband is one of the smallest form of poem in terms of lines, syllabus are concerned. There is a form of poem Haiku, which was a folk poetry of Japan. However, due to hard works of Japanese poets, this form of poetry has been adopted in many languages . Even Garhwali poets are experimenting by writing Garhwali poems in Haiku form.
Characteristics of Haiku
The poem form of Haiku comprises of 17 syllables and normally there are three lines I n Haiku.
There must be five syllables in first line, second line has seven and there will be five syllables in the third line.
Each haiku includes a season word that is ‘Kigo’ and Kigo specifies in which the haiku poem is set. In haiku, season is not that much important as the cutting or division between two contrasting parts. The English Haiku creators use dash or colon to designates the division of cutting.
The example of an English Haiku is as under created by Sunil Uniyal ( Ref-1)-
the Olympic torch-relay ~
stranded
in a road-jam
A Garhwali poet Virendra Panwar created Haiku poem in Garhwali as -
Badal raini
Dar ka birdyan
Bathon banee si
बादल रैनी
डार का बिर्दयाँ
बथौं बानी सी
Characteristics of Bajuband poem
The Garhwali Bajuband poem is couplet. The first part is meaningless but is necessary for making poem poetic and care is taken in choosing the words that the whole poem becomes rhyme or melodious. The second part has five to seven words only, having real meaning of the poem and these five or seven words make the main point of the Bajuband poem. Example :
Laguli ka mod---pathli kamar tuti jali ko lagalu जोड़
लगुली को मोड़ --पथली कमर टूटी जाली को लगालो जोड़
‘Laguli ka mod’ part is meaningless for the poem and seven words ( Pathli kamar tuti jali ko lagalo jod) of second part is having complete meaning of the poem.
The meaning of last part of poetry is that the waist of lover or a girl is so delicate that if it is broken who will rejoin the broken waist (No body would be able to rejoin ) .
Both the forms of poem are marvelous pieces of poetic forms and Bajuband and Haiku forms have their own significances in world poetry . Both the poetic forms I.e. Haiku and Bajuband are marvelous piece of invention by the mankind and we should continue advancement of such kinds of poetic forms.
1- Uniyal, Sunil , 2009, The Olympic Torch - A Haiku,
http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/the-olympic-torch-a-haiku/
2-Panwar Virendra, 2004,Inma Kankwaki aan vasant, Dhad Prakashan, India (pp 33-34
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan literature
Surendra Singh Rawat : A Playwright of Garhwali language of Social issues
Surendra Singh Rawat has written Garhwali dramas and all are with social issues and full of satiric with humor.
Surendra Singh Rawat was born in Bangar Rawai Mainjani village of Himalaya .
Much is not available about life sketch of Surendra Rawat . However, Raibar a monthly Garhwali language in March 1956 issue and Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna in Gadmyateki Ganga (pp-53) provide the detail of plays created by Surendra Singh Rawat.
Rawat wrote the following plays
1-Adhpadh
2-Anpadh gailya
3-Kanya bechi
4- Beman Naukar
5-Sharab ar Kharab
6-Ajkal ki Panchait
The first four plays are hilarious, attack on the social bad customs with wit and humor.
The last two plays of Surendra Singh Rawat are based on the serious issues emerging in the society and opened the eyes of learned people that society has to take actions for stopping emerging bad customs in the society. The use of humorous language, the flow in the plays are superb in these plays. Rawat used common Garhwali proverbs for creating interest of the readers.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India 2009
Surendra Singh Rawat has written Garhwali dramas and all are with social issues and full of satiric with humor.
Surendra Singh Rawat was born in Bangar Rawai Mainjani village of Himalaya .
Much is not available about life sketch of Surendra Rawat . However, Raibar a monthly Garhwali language in March 1956 issue and Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna in Gadmyateki Ganga (pp-53) provide the detail of plays created by Surendra Singh Rawat.
Rawat wrote the following plays
1-Adhpadh
2-Anpadh gailya
3-Kanya bechi
4- Beman Naukar
5-Sharab ar Kharab
6-Ajkal ki Panchait
The first four plays are hilarious, attack on the social bad customs with wit and humor.
The last two plays of Surendra Singh Rawat are based on the serious issues emerging in the society and opened the eyes of learned people that society has to take actions for stopping emerging bad customs in the society. The use of humorous language, the flow in the plays are superb in these plays. Rawat used common Garhwali proverbs for creating interest of the readers.
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India 2009
Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ : A Religious Garhwali Playwright and Publisher
Bhishma Kukreti
Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ will always be remembered for publishing his eighteen books and other twenty eight books of other writers related to Garhwal, Uttarakhand , Himalayas from his publishing house ‘ Vishal karyalaya‘. In Garhwali literature, Garhwalis remember him for his religious drama and essays.
Vishalmani Upadhyaya was born in a remote Himalayan village Ghagora, patti- Kalifat of Chamoli Garhwal in 1896. Vitamin Upadhyaya established a publishing house in Narayankoti, near Guptkashi of Himalayan region. He published forty one books related to Garhwal, Himalayas from his publishing house and ‘ Kanakvansh MahaKavyam ‘ of Achaarya bal Krishna Bhatt and ‘ Uttarakhand Yatra Darshan ‘ by profound historian Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral are famous and well read books of this publishing house.
Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ wrote and published two Garhwali language plays - ‘ Shrikrishna ‘ and Bhakta Dhruva Balak’ in 1955. Both the religious dramas are of great importance for advancing the growth of Garhwali prose art . The dialogues are having the influence of “Jagar’ style that is lyrical effects on the dialogues in both the dramas.
Vishalmani Upadhyaya Sharma died on 31 st January 1976 in Narayankoti
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India 2009
Bhishma Kukreti
Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ will always be remembered for publishing his eighteen books and other twenty eight books of other writers related to Garhwal, Uttarakhand , Himalayas from his publishing house ‘ Vishal karyalaya‘. In Garhwali literature, Garhwalis remember him for his religious drama and essays.
Vishalmani Upadhyaya was born in a remote Himalayan village Ghagora, patti- Kalifat of Chamoli Garhwal in 1896. Vitamin Upadhyaya established a publishing house in Narayankoti, near Guptkashi of Himalayan region. He published forty one books related to Garhwal, Himalayas from his publishing house and ‘ Kanakvansh MahaKavyam ‘ of Achaarya bal Krishna Bhatt and ‘ Uttarakhand Yatra Darshan ‘ by profound historian Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral are famous and well read books of this publishing house.
Vishalmani Upadhyaya ‘ Sharma’ wrote and published two Garhwali language plays - ‘ Shrikrishna ‘ and Bhakta Dhruva Balak’ in 1955. Both the religious dramas are of great importance for advancing the growth of Garhwali prose art . The dialogues are having the influence of “Jagar’ style that is lyrical effects on the dialogues in both the dramas.
Vishalmani Upadhyaya Sharma died on 31 st January 1976 in Narayankoti
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India 2009
Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Shyam Chand Negi: A Garhwali Language Essay Writer
Bhishma Kukreti
Shyam Chand is famous for his English writing, however, whatever Negi contributed to Garhwali prose, is marvelous piece of prose and is having the example of Tiryali dialects in Garhwali writing.
Shyam Chand Negi was born in village Belgaon of Athur patti of Tihri Garhwal of Himalayan region on 1st October, 1912.
Shyam chand negi obtained graduation degree and formal training in journalism from Lahor .
Shyam Chand Negi was a freedom fighter and was poisoned in “Quit India’ movement in 1942.negi was one of the founder and conveyer of Tihri Rajya Praja Mandal.
Shyam Chand Negi was freelancer journalist for many English dailies and weeklies. Negi also edited Northern Times for quite some time.
He wrote books as ‘ Some eminent Garhwalis’, ‘ Ganga the Greatest’, Freedom Fights Grieves Strain’ in English.
He wrote essays in Garhwali language, which were published in many regional magazines. Govind Chatak provided the examples of his writing in Garhwali language in his famous book ‘Garhwali Bhasha’ (pp-144) . The language is of Tiryali dialect and the subjects of Garhwali essays written by Shyam Chand Negi are mostly inspiring and having social issues. This author praised Negi for bringing regional taste and aroma in the essays
Shyam Chand Negi expired on 3rd December 1982 in his native village Belgaon, Himalaya .
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
Bhishma Kukreti
Shyam Chand is famous for his English writing, however, whatever Negi contributed to Garhwali prose, is marvelous piece of prose and is having the example of Tiryali dialects in Garhwali writing.
Shyam Chand Negi was born in village Belgaon of Athur patti of Tihri Garhwal of Himalayan region on 1st October, 1912.
Shyam chand negi obtained graduation degree and formal training in journalism from Lahor .
Shyam Chand Negi was a freedom fighter and was poisoned in “Quit India’ movement in 1942.negi was one of the founder and conveyer of Tihri Rajya Praja Mandal.
Shyam Chand Negi was freelancer journalist for many English dailies and weeklies. Negi also edited Northern Times for quite some time.
He wrote books as ‘ Some eminent Garhwalis’, ‘ Ganga the Greatest’, Freedom Fights Grieves Strain’ in English.
He wrote essays in Garhwali language, which were published in many regional magazines. Govind Chatak provided the examples of his writing in Garhwali language in his famous book ‘Garhwali Bhasha’ (pp-144) . The language is of Tiryali dialect and the subjects of Garhwali essays written by Shyam Chand Negi are mostly inspiring and having social issues. This author praised Negi for bringing regional taste and aroma in the essays
Shyam Chand Negi expired on 3rd December 1982 in his native village Belgaon, Himalaya .
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan literature
Sadanand Kukreti: One of the Greatest Story Writers of World Literature and the Father of Modern Garhwali Prose
Bhishma Kukreti
Sant Sadanand Kukreti was called ‘Sampadak ji’ (Editor) in Dhangu, Gangasalan of Pauri Himalaya and his contemporary literature used to call him ‘Sant’. Sadanand Kukreti .Sadanand Kukreti is the first ever great personality of Himalaya who initiated writing the story in Garhwali language one of the oldest and prominent languages of Himalaya . The satiric third person description, story telling style and narration of Sadanand Kukreti is unique and his story ‘ Garhwali That’ puts him in the position of among Top Most Story Writers of world literature of any time .
The contribution of Sadanand in Garhwali language story literature is as equal as Oliver Goldsmith, Samuel Charles Dickson, Willkie Collins, in English literature; Christian Gellert, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, E. T. A . Hoffmann in Garman language story world; , Gottfried Keller, Charles Parrault, Jean de La Fontaine, Honore De Baizac, Prosper Merimee of French language literature; Niccolo Machiavelli, Giovanbattista Giraldi Cintholio, in Italian language; Gustavo Adolfo Becquer, Leopold Alas in Spanish story segment; Mori Ogwai , Shimazaki Toson of Japanese langue; Eduard Douwes Dekker Herman Heijermans of Dutch language; Maurus Jokai , kalman Mikszath of Hungarian story literature; Nikolai Gogol, Pushkin, Ivan Turgenew, Leo Tolstoy of Russian language; Henyk Sienkiewicz , Boleslav Prus of Polish language; Meyer Aron Goldschmidt, Jens Peter Jacobson of Denmark; Jorgen Moe, Peter Asjornsen, Bjornstjerne Bjornson of Norway; August Strindeberg, Selma Lagerlof of Sweden; Charles De Coster, Maurice Maeterlinck of Belgium; Antun G Matos of Yugoslavia; Laza Lazarevich of Serbian language; Svatopluck Cech of Czechoslovakia ; Deetrios Bikelas of Greece; I.L Caragiale , Marie Roumania of Romania language; Dimitr Ivanov of Bulgaria; Ricardo Fernandez-Garcia, of Soth America; J.M. Machado de Assis, of Brazil; Ventua Garcia Calderon of Peru; Rufino Blanco-Fombona of Venezuela; Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Poe, Mark Twain, Hennery James of United states of America; Bhartendu Harishchandra and prem Chand of Hindi language who initiated modernizing the story writing style, advanced the story writing art in their own respective languages or they were pioneers of modern story telling of their languages literature
Sadanand Kukreti was born in Gweel-Jaspur a twin village of Malla Dhangu of Pauri Garhwal , Himalaya on 7th March 1886. His father Baladatt Kukreti was accountant an in Public works division of British Garhwal ( today’s Pauri and Chamoli Garhwal ) . Sadanand Kukreti studied up to high School in Pauri city. After completing high School , Sadanand worked I Tihri riyasat as assistant to Tahsildar Thakur Jodh Singh Rawat . However, after a few years later due to conflict with Thakur Jodh Singh , Sadanand Kukreti left the job and started publishing and editing Vishal Kriti in February 1913 in Pauri.
Sadanand Kukreti wrote many articles against the Deputy Collector and British government . Due to sharp criticism of British Government and its officials in Vishal Kirti , british government accused Sadanand Kukreti as Congress man and a n anti nation element. Due to harassment by of British government, Sadanand Kukreti close down Vishal Kirti in December 1915. Sadanand Kukreti used to publish stories and articles in Garhwali language in Vishal Kirti
Sadanand joined a missionary school as teacher in Chalisain , Langur , Gangasalan . Sadanand Kukreti found that undercover of schooling the priest Peter and Christian teachers were converting innocent villagers into Christians. By wrong doings of missionary management in Chailusain missionary school, Sadanand Kukreti met the prominent people of the area Dhangu and requested them to open a school . The villagers of Kandi, Jaspur, Gweel , Bareth, Jalli , Saud supported his cause and helped to build the school building. The Rashtriya Vidyapeeth formally was open on 2nd April, 1926 in Silogi, Malla Dhangu. On the first day of formal opening of school, there were three teachers including Sadanand , Sher Singh Rawat of Timli of Khatsyun and Hari Prasad Uniyal of Jaltha (Dabralsyun) to teach the students. This school became a medium of education children of Dhangu, Udaipur, Langur and Dabralsyun for many decades . Sadanand Kukreti is called the Mahmana Madmohan Malviya of Gangasalan.
In Garhwali language literature, Sadanand Kukreti is called father of modern Garhwali story. The Garhwali literature historian and critic Abodh Bandhu Augean (1975) writes about him that his story ‘ Garhwali Thath’ was published in 1913 in Vishal Kirti and Kukreti published many stories in Garhwali language and also wrote articles in Garhwali.
The profound Hindi story writer Ramaprasad Ghildiyal (1953) said that the stories of Sadanand Kukreti as ‘Garhwali Thath ‘and ‘ Gundurun Kaunka Bhitar swala Pakwad’ are one of the greatest stories of world language of any time. Bahuguna writes that in reality, the modern Garhwali prose started by writings of Sadanand Kukreti in 1913 onwards. Great Garhwali personalities as Lalita Prasad Naithani, Mukandi Lal Barrister, Bhakta Darshan (ex central Minister central government New Delhi), Hariram Jakhmola (refrerence-3) a great teacher of his time, praised Sadanand Kukreti for his style of Garhwali prose. Bahuguna and Pahadi said that his style of writing Garhwali prose was not found even in Hindi of that time and they remarked that even they could not find any prose makers of any Indian languages of that time who could write such marvelously as Sadanand wrote Garhwali prose.
This author also supports comments of Ghildiyal and Bahuguna and others that the prose of Sadanand was of unique style and no Indian writers of his time (1913-1936) could compete his brilliancy in story telling, his craftsmanship in using sentences, characterization of each characters of the story, the tone of story, flow of the story, description of the scenes, use of proverbs and figure of speeches, contemporariness etc. Sadanand Kukreti is famous for his wit , satire , criticizing the bad habits of individuals as laziness of an woman, exaggerating social nonsense and making fun of those nonsense. His satire is horatian and many times ,it is juvenilia too . It seems humour comes out from the heart of Sadanand Kukreti. Sadanand Kukreti was capable in describing scene as easy as any greatest writer can depict the scene,
The work of Sadanand could be put with humorous and satire story tellers as Joel
Chandler Harris, Mark Twain, David Ross Locke, Washington Irving, Caroline Matilda Stansbury Kirkland Edward Everett Hale, William Sydney Porter "O. Henry", George Randolph Chester , William James Lampton etc.
The blending of humour, satire, abhorrence, is the exclusivity of Sadanand Kukreti
Since, Sadanand Kukreti had to busy in building the school and arranging the funds for running the junior school at Silogi, Sadanand could not be the preponderant story or prose writer but whatever Sadanand Kukreti wrote that is enough to position him one of the greatest story teller of world literature.
One of the greatest story writers of world literature and the father of modern Garhwali prose expired in 1936 in Dehradun
Reference:
1-Bahuguna, Abodh Bandhu, 1975, Gadmatyeki Ganga, Alaknanda Prakashan , New Delhi, India, pp37-38
2- Ghildiyal, Ramaprasad , 1953, Pahadi Sahitya ka Jatiya Roop,Himachal Saptahik, Muni ki Reti, 26th January, 1953
3- Sant Sadanand Smiriti Granth, edited by Hari Prasad Kukreti in 1984, Silogi , Pauri Garhwal
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
Bhishma Kukreti
Sant Sadanand Kukreti was called ‘Sampadak ji’ (Editor) in Dhangu, Gangasalan of Pauri Himalaya and his contemporary literature used to call him ‘Sant’. Sadanand Kukreti .Sadanand Kukreti is the first ever great personality of Himalaya who initiated writing the story in Garhwali language one of the oldest and prominent languages of Himalaya . The satiric third person description, story telling style and narration of Sadanand Kukreti is unique and his story ‘ Garhwali That’ puts him in the position of among Top Most Story Writers of world literature of any time .
The contribution of Sadanand in Garhwali language story literature is as equal as Oliver Goldsmith, Samuel Charles Dickson, Willkie Collins, in English literature; Christian Gellert, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, E. T. A . Hoffmann in Garman language story world; , Gottfried Keller, Charles Parrault, Jean de La Fontaine, Honore De Baizac, Prosper Merimee of French language literature; Niccolo Machiavelli, Giovanbattista Giraldi Cintholio, in Italian language; Gustavo Adolfo Becquer, Leopold Alas in Spanish story segment; Mori Ogwai , Shimazaki Toson of Japanese langue; Eduard Douwes Dekker Herman Heijermans of Dutch language; Maurus Jokai , kalman Mikszath of Hungarian story literature; Nikolai Gogol, Pushkin, Ivan Turgenew, Leo Tolstoy of Russian language; Henyk Sienkiewicz , Boleslav Prus of Polish language; Meyer Aron Goldschmidt, Jens Peter Jacobson of Denmark; Jorgen Moe, Peter Asjornsen, Bjornstjerne Bjornson of Norway; August Strindeberg, Selma Lagerlof of Sweden; Charles De Coster, Maurice Maeterlinck of Belgium; Antun G Matos of Yugoslavia; Laza Lazarevich of Serbian language; Svatopluck Cech of Czechoslovakia ; Deetrios Bikelas of Greece; I.L Caragiale , Marie Roumania of Romania language; Dimitr Ivanov of Bulgaria; Ricardo Fernandez-Garcia, of Soth America; J.M. Machado de Assis, of Brazil; Ventua Garcia Calderon of Peru; Rufino Blanco-Fombona of Venezuela; Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Poe, Mark Twain, Hennery James of United states of America; Bhartendu Harishchandra and prem Chand of Hindi language who initiated modernizing the story writing style, advanced the story writing art in their own respective languages or they were pioneers of modern story telling of their languages literature
Sadanand Kukreti was born in Gweel-Jaspur a twin village of Malla Dhangu of Pauri Garhwal , Himalaya on 7th March 1886. His father Baladatt Kukreti was accountant an in Public works division of British Garhwal ( today’s Pauri and Chamoli Garhwal ) . Sadanand Kukreti studied up to high School in Pauri city. After completing high School , Sadanand worked I Tihri riyasat as assistant to Tahsildar Thakur Jodh Singh Rawat . However, after a few years later due to conflict with Thakur Jodh Singh , Sadanand Kukreti left the job and started publishing and editing Vishal Kriti in February 1913 in Pauri.
Sadanand Kukreti wrote many articles against the Deputy Collector and British government . Due to sharp criticism of British Government and its officials in Vishal Kirti , british government accused Sadanand Kukreti as Congress man and a n anti nation element. Due to harassment by of British government, Sadanand Kukreti close down Vishal Kirti in December 1915. Sadanand Kukreti used to publish stories and articles in Garhwali language in Vishal Kirti
Sadanand joined a missionary school as teacher in Chalisain , Langur , Gangasalan . Sadanand Kukreti found that undercover of schooling the priest Peter and Christian teachers were converting innocent villagers into Christians. By wrong doings of missionary management in Chailusain missionary school, Sadanand Kukreti met the prominent people of the area Dhangu and requested them to open a school . The villagers of Kandi, Jaspur, Gweel , Bareth, Jalli , Saud supported his cause and helped to build the school building. The Rashtriya Vidyapeeth formally was open on 2nd April, 1926 in Silogi, Malla Dhangu. On the first day of formal opening of school, there were three teachers including Sadanand , Sher Singh Rawat of Timli of Khatsyun and Hari Prasad Uniyal of Jaltha (Dabralsyun) to teach the students. This school became a medium of education children of Dhangu, Udaipur, Langur and Dabralsyun for many decades . Sadanand Kukreti is called the Mahmana Madmohan Malviya of Gangasalan.
In Garhwali language literature, Sadanand Kukreti is called father of modern Garhwali story. The Garhwali literature historian and critic Abodh Bandhu Augean (1975) writes about him that his story ‘ Garhwali Thath’ was published in 1913 in Vishal Kirti and Kukreti published many stories in Garhwali language and also wrote articles in Garhwali.
The profound Hindi story writer Ramaprasad Ghildiyal (1953) said that the stories of Sadanand Kukreti as ‘Garhwali Thath ‘and ‘ Gundurun Kaunka Bhitar swala Pakwad’ are one of the greatest stories of world language of any time. Bahuguna writes that in reality, the modern Garhwali prose started by writings of Sadanand Kukreti in 1913 onwards. Great Garhwali personalities as Lalita Prasad Naithani, Mukandi Lal Barrister, Bhakta Darshan (ex central Minister central government New Delhi), Hariram Jakhmola (refrerence-3) a great teacher of his time, praised Sadanand Kukreti for his style of Garhwali prose. Bahuguna and Pahadi said that his style of writing Garhwali prose was not found even in Hindi of that time and they remarked that even they could not find any prose makers of any Indian languages of that time who could write such marvelously as Sadanand wrote Garhwali prose.
This author also supports comments of Ghildiyal and Bahuguna and others that the prose of Sadanand was of unique style and no Indian writers of his time (1913-1936) could compete his brilliancy in story telling, his craftsmanship in using sentences, characterization of each characters of the story, the tone of story, flow of the story, description of the scenes, use of proverbs and figure of speeches, contemporariness etc. Sadanand Kukreti is famous for his wit , satire , criticizing the bad habits of individuals as laziness of an woman, exaggerating social nonsense and making fun of those nonsense. His satire is horatian and many times ,it is juvenilia too . It seems humour comes out from the heart of Sadanand Kukreti. Sadanand Kukreti was capable in describing scene as easy as any greatest writer can depict the scene,
The work of Sadanand could be put with humorous and satire story tellers as Joel
Chandler Harris, Mark Twain, David Ross Locke, Washington Irving, Caroline Matilda Stansbury Kirkland Edward Everett Hale, William Sydney Porter "O. Henry", George Randolph Chester , William James Lampton etc.
The blending of humour, satire, abhorrence, is the exclusivity of Sadanand Kukreti
Since, Sadanand Kukreti had to busy in building the school and arranging the funds for running the junior school at Silogi, Sadanand could not be the preponderant story or prose writer but whatever Sadanand Kukreti wrote that is enough to position him one of the greatest story teller of world literature.
One of the greatest story writers of world literature and the father of modern Garhwali prose expired in 1936 in Dehradun
Reference:
1-Bahuguna, Abodh Bandhu, 1975, Gadmatyeki Ganga, Alaknanda Prakashan , New Delhi, India, pp37-38
2- Ghildiyal, Ramaprasad , 1953, Pahadi Sahitya ka Jatiya Roop,Himachal Saptahik, Muni ki Reti, 26th January, 1953
3- Sant Sadanand Smiriti Granth, edited by Hari Prasad Kukreti in 1984, Silogi , Pauri Garhwal
Copyright @ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
Garhwali, Kumaoni, Himalayan Literature
Prem Lal Gaud, Shashtri : A Prose Maker in Garhwali , Himalayan language
Bhishma Kukreti
Prem lal gaud Shashtri wrote mostly in Hindi but also published on prose collection book in Garhwali, Himalayan language.
Prem Lal Gaud Shashtri was born in a Himalayan village Gaindkhal, Talla Dhangu, Gangasalan of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in 1947. After passing Acharya degree from Haridwar he shifted to Chandigarh. He was active organizing Uttarakhadis in Chandigarh and took part in cultural and social activities of Uttarakhandis in Chandigarh.
He wrote around ten books in Hindi. In Garhwali, Himalayan language literature, Gaud is famous for his book in ‘ Premekanki’ Premekanki is collections of prose written by Prem Lal Gaud Shashtri .
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
Bhishma Kukreti
Prem lal gaud Shashtri wrote mostly in Hindi but also published on prose collection book in Garhwali, Himalayan language.
Prem Lal Gaud Shashtri was born in a Himalayan village Gaindkhal, Talla Dhangu, Gangasalan of Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand in 1947. After passing Acharya degree from Haridwar he shifted to Chandigarh. He was active organizing Uttarakhadis in Chandigarh and took part in cultural and social activities of Uttarakhandis in Chandigarh.
He wrote around ten books in Hindi. In Garhwali, Himalayan language literature, Gaud is famous for his book in ‘ Premekanki’ Premekanki is collections of prose written by Prem Lal Gaud Shashtri .
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti, Mumbai, India, 2009
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