उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका

Sunday, March 13, 2016

British Army Establishing Spy Cell for Kumaon Campaign

History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -11

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -224

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -752

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

British establishment around Rurkee established a special Spy Cell and Rutherford was made in charge of such Spy Cell. The job of that Spy Cell was to collect information about defense related information of Gurkha establishment in Kumaon and Garhwal. There was a Pundit (Brahmin) the in charge in a unit of Spy division and under him there were a couple of Munshi (Clerk) and Pundit. They used to keep records of salary and other expenses of spies and other undercover agents related works. The main jobs of Pundit and Munshi was writing letters to important Kumaoni personalities those were important for future war. The salary of a Pundit in Spy cell was for Rs. Thirty per month.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena, Fraser etc)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -753

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal

Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal

Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)

Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika

XXX

History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Garhwal, Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Sirmour Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Chamoli Garhwal, Nainital Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Kangara Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Rudraprayag Garhwal, Almora Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Baghat Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Tehri Garhwal, Champawat Kumaon, Uttarakhand Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Punar Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Uttarkashi Garhwal, Bageshwar Kumaon, Uttarakhand; Nahan Himachal; History Gurkha /Gorkha Rule over Dehradun Garhwal, Pithoragarh Kumaon, Uttarakhand; History Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal;

Nepal Itihas, Garhwal Itihas, Kumaon Itihas, Himachal Itihas; Gurkha/Gorkha ka Kumaon par Adhikar Itihas , Gurkha/Gorkha Garhwal par Shasan Itihas Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal; Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Kumaon, Garhwal Uttarakhand; History Gurkha/Gorkha Rule in Himachal Ruthless Gurkha/Nepalese Administration in Himachal

Thursday, March 10, 2016

Food Arrangements for Kumaon Campaign

History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -10

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -223

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -751

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

As per order of Adjutant General, the deputy Commissary General arranged for Food for Kumaon Campaign as used to be for other army campaign. Company appointed Rutherford as Assistant Commissary Officer for the above work. Company also made Ruther ford in charge for treasury with Army marching for Kumaon Campaign. Rutherford has knowledge of Kumaon and was anxious pushing Gurkha from Kumaon and Garhwal. Rutherford was also in charge of Postal division. Rutherford was also handed charge of medical core in Kumaon Campaign.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena, Fraser etc)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -752

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal

Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal

Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)

Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika

XXX

British Army Appointing Labor

History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -9

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -222

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -750

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

The Paths in many places in Kumaon hill were not suitable for soldiers, elephants and loaded animals. Therefore, British army appointed labor in huge numbers for Kumaon hills. Labor was for widening roads, digging ditches etc. There were no appliances as hay, pickaxe, spade etc available in Kumaon. Army arranged those appliances from Fatehgarh army store.

Resources Management

T There was huge resources requirement for Kumaon Campaign. High Command directed Officers of Moradabad and Bareli camps for fulfilling the need of Gardner.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena, Fraser etc)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -751

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal

Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal

Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)

Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika

XXX

Monday, March 7, 2016

British Army arranging Weaponries for Capturing Kumaon

History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -8

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -221

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -749

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

High Command directed Lieutenant Colonel Gardner for collecting weapons from Fatehgarh Store parallel appointing temporary soldiers. High Command directed Bareli Camp for providing two Guns of 6 Ponds and necessary gun powders and small guns. Wooden boxes were used for Gun powder and other small weapons that hawkers and Bull carts could carry those boxes. Those boxes were called from Fatehgarh. There was arrangement for wood, ropes and tying materials. Many boxes were manufactured at Army Camp in Bareli.

It was decided that two Elephants would be used to carry 6 pond guns. And Additional two more elephants were also provided to Gardner. Necessary directions were given to Gardner.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena, Fraser etc)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -750

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal

Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal

Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)

Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika

XXX

British Appointing Temporary Army

History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -7

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -220

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -748

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

British High Command ordered Lieutenant Colonel Gardner for appointing Temporary Army on the ‘Gol’ System of Indian system. In each ‘Gol’, there would be 300 soldiers. Indian Kings used to organize army on ‘Gol’ base. The army commander of ‘Gol’ was called ‘Goldar’. It was custom that the soldiers would bring his weapons, clothing, horse etc. Goldar used to arrange weapons etc if a soldier did not have weapons. Gun powder and food was supplied from ‘Goldar’.

Gardner organized ‘Gol’ army as under –

Position ------------------Numbers-----------------Salary PM Rs.--------------Total Salary

Sardar/Goldar-----------------1--------------------------80------------------------80

Jamadar-------------------------8--------------------------15-----------------------120

Nishanchi----------------------8---------------------------12------------------------96

Imtiyagi------------------------32--------------------------8-------------------------256

Dafla Jamadar-----------------1---------------------------10-------------------------10

Dafla---------------------------2--------------------------6------------------------------12

Algoza--------------------------2-------------------------6------------------------------12

Ungil------------------------------1------------------------15---------------------------15

Hakim (Jarahi) -------------------1------------------------15---------------------------15

Bhisti------------------------------4-------------------------5-----------------------------20

Sipahi (soldier) -------------------240----------------------6 ---------------------------1440

Grand Total-------------------------300----------------------------------------------------2076

(Saxsena- Histoy Papers of Kumaon)

One or two Iron smiths were also appointed for repairing various weapons.

Around Rohilkhand, freelancer Rohila soldiers were available for temporary army. Rohilas were not devotee as Hindu soldiers. Freelancer Rohila soldiers used to leave a Kingdom after getting more salary from enemy Kingdom. They were having old types of weapons and were not capable fighting in Hills of Kumaon.

By January 1815, Gardner appointed 1600 Rohila soldiers. Rohila soldiers appointed by Gurkha commander Bamshah were unaware of Kumaon declaration by British. As soon as they came to know British declaration for Kumaon, Rohila soldiers under Bamshah became upset. 250 Rohila soldiers left Gurkha army and joined British army.

(From writings of Bengal- Past and Present January, Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena, Fraser etc)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -749

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal

Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal

Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)

Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika

XXX

Monday, February 1, 2016

Appointment of Colonel William Gardner

History British Campaign for Capturing Kumaon -5

Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) -218

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -746

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Student)

Edward Gardner had information that as soon as British army would enter into Kumaon the Kumaon People would revolt against Gurkha/Nepal rulers. Colonel Gardner was aware that it was better to attack before the rebellion sentiments of Kumaunis calm down against Gurkha/Nepal rulers. When Governor General was visiting north States, Gardner informed his friend Adam that Kumaunis were waiting for British Army.

The cosine of Edward Gardner was Lieutenant Colonel William Gardner who in 1795, worked with British army under Earl of Mayoral. Hastings was his colleague. William Gardner left British army and joined Holkar Kingdom. In 1804, William deceived Holkar and rejoined British army. British officials appointed William as head of temporary Cavalry Army .That temporary company was named as Gardner Horses. William Gardner married Matmurjulunissa Begum (daughter of Ex Nabab of Cambey). Matmurjulunissa Begum was sister of Khanun Jahurulnissa the wife of Hearsay. Both the sisters were adopted daughters of Delhi King Akbar II. Badshah gifted Gardner the Jamaindari of Kasganj.

Hastings used to promoted old devotee British army Officials. Hastings appointed William Gardner as in charge of Capturing Kumaon from Gurkha/Nepal. Hastings ordered William Gardner for appointing 1500 Pathan and Rohilla soldiers under him.

(From writings of Atkinson, Sanwal, Saxsena, Fraser etc)

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -747

*** History of Gorkha/Gurkha /Nepal Rule over Kumaun, Garhwal and Himachal (1790-1815) to be continued in next chapter

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

XX Reference

Atkinson E.T., 1884, 1886, Gazetteer of Himalayan Districts …

Hamilton F.B. 1819, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal and the territories

Colnol Kirkpatrik 1811, An Account of Kingdom of Nepal

Dr S.P Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 5, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda

Bandana Rai, 2009 Gorkhas,: The Warrior Race

Krishna Rai Aryal, 1975, Monarchy in Making Nepal, Shanti Sadan, Giridhara, Nepal

I.R.Aryan and T.P. Dhungyal, 1975, A New History of Nepal , Voice of Nepal

L.K Pradhan, Thapa Politics:

Gorkhavansavali, Kashi, Bikram Samvat 2021

Derek J. Waller, The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia page 172-173

B. D. Pande, Kumaon ka Itihas

Balchandra Sharma, Nepal ko Aitihasik Rup Rekha

Chaudhari , Anglo –Nepalese Relations

Pande, Vasudha , Compares Histriographical Traditions of Gorkha Rule in Nepal and Kumaon

Pradhan , Kumar, 1991, The Gorkha Conquests , Oxford University Press

Minyan Govrdhan Singh , History of Himachal Pradesh

A.P Coleman, 1999, A Special Corps

Captain Thomas Smith, 1852,Narrative of a Five Years Residence at Nepal Vol.1

Maula Ram/Mola Ram , Ranbahadurchandrika and Garhrajvanshkavya

J B Fraser , Asiatic Research

Shyam Ganguli, Doon Rediscovered

Minyan Prem Singh, Guldast Tabarikh Koh Tihri Garhwal

Patiram Garhwal , Ancient and Modern

Tara Datt Gairola, Parvtiy Sanskriti

John Premble, Invasion of Nepal

Chitranjan Nepali, Bhimsen Thapa aur Tatkalin Nepal

Sanwal, Nepal and East India Company

Nagendra kr Singh, Refugee to Ruler

Saxena, Historical papers related to Kumaon

Paper Respecting Nepal War by East India Company (papers in Stock)

Basu, Rise of Christian Power in India)

Moti Lal Ghosh, an article in Amrit Bazar Patrika