उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका

Sunday, May 4, 2014

History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -88

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -333

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

According to Bharat Kavi the creator of long Sanskrit poetry ‘Manodaya Kavya’, Ajeypal was very strong person and enemy used to feel dreadfulness by his name announcement. He was as Yudhistar in battle. His strength was as Bhima of Mahabharata. Ajeypal used to offer shelter to noble personalities. He was prosperous King. Historian Rahul states that Ajeypal consolidated Garhwal Kingdom from Tibet to Chandighat Haridwar, Bhabhar, and Dehradun.

Though, there is no record of Satyanath but it is true that Satyanath had been a great saint of Garhwal. It is said that Satyanath made treaty between Kumaon King and Ajeypal. Ajeypal had great respect for Satyanath. Due to his respect for Satyanath, Ajeypal was also included in Nath saint in Nath literature.

Ajeypal is respected as one of great Kings of Garhwal. He was firm and knew battle strategies very well. Ajeypal behaved with great respect to defeated Kings by him. He created prosperity and peace in Garhwal when there were disturbances in other Indian regions due to Muslim rulers and invaders. He established Shrinagar the capital of Garhwal.

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -334

References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India

2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas

3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern

4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal

5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore

6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan

7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch

8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya

9-Shering, Western Tibet and British

10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal

11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal

12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun

13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas

14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas

15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities

16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History

17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture

18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books

19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications

20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika

21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages

22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties

23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization

24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians

25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India

26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter

Notes on South Asian Medieval History of Garhwal; SouthAsian Medieval History of Pauri Garhwal; Medieval History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Medieval History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Medieval History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian History of Haridwar district to be continued

History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Haridwar Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Pauri Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Chamoli Garhwal; History Analysis of Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Tehri Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Dehradun Garhwal; History Analysis of Strong Personality of Garhwal King Ajeypal in context Himalayan History of Bhabhar Garhwal;

Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -150

गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र

Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)

Mouth Organ is supposed to be invented in China as ‘Sheng’ 1000 Before Christ. No historical details are available about mouth organs being first used in Garhwal. It seems that mouth organ was brought to Garhwal through Tibetans tourists or traders. Surprisingly, no cultural historians or historians discussed mouth organ or harmonica uses in Garhwal as musical instrument. Mouth organ might have become more popular in rural Garhwal in British Raj.

Mouth Organ is a general term for free reed aerophone with one or more air chambers fitted with free reed. The instrument is played by placing lip over holes or chamber and blowing or sucking the air for creating sound. .

Children in Garhwal used mouth organ very much in past or before 1960. This author, around 1964-65, watched Jay Ram Jakhmola playing Mouth Organ and singing a Hindi Film Song ‘E Dil na hota bechara’ or a Ghazal of Talat Mahmud in Ramleela dram in Mitrgram (Malla Dhangu, Pauri Garhwal) .

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

References

1-Bharat Natyashastra

2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama

3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life

4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research

5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India

6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen

7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12

8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet

9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments

10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach

11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara

12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri

13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music

Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Mouth Organ or Harmonica an Aero Phonic or Wind Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia

Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Rawain, Garhwal

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional Stories, Community Narratives -90

Compiled and Edited by: Bhishma Kukreti (Management Training Expert)

(Reference: Dr Jagdish Naudiyal)

There was a man. One day, he was visiting his relative’s village. The village was far away from his village. While he was walking towards relative’s village it was night. He found that there was a house above the road. He entered into house. He came to know that an old man was ill lying on the bed.

The old man said that he was ill and was unable to cook food. The old man suggested visitor to cook food. The man (visitor) started cooking food. There was no salt in the room. The visitor asked the old man about salt. The old man stretched his hand and took his hand into another room and got salt. The visitor saw long hand of old man. The visitor came to know that old man is ghost.

The man ran away from the house. The ghost also ran after the man. The man ran fast but ghost also ran fast. The man hid into a house. Another day, people found that man was dead and gras was stuck on his foot.

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional stories, Community Narratives for Effective Managers, Effective executives, Effective Boss, Effective Supervisors or Stories for Effective management, management Lesson from Garhwali Folk Literature from Garhwal, to be continued …in next chapter

References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003,

2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun

3- Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Kathaon ma Prabandh Vigyan ka Tantu , Chitthi Patri’s Lok Kathayen Visheshank , Dehradun

Garhwali , Himalayan folk Stories from Garhwal sequence; Garhwali folk Stories from Haridwar Shivalik , Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Dehradun , Shivalik, Garhwal chain; Garhwali folk Stories from Uttarkashi Himalayan Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Tehri Garhwal series; Himalayan Garhwali folk Stories from Chamoli Garhwal; Himalayan Garhwali folk Stories from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Garhwali folk Stories from Pauri Garhwal Series to be continued ..

Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Chakrata region Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Tones-Yamuna valley Dehradun Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Yamunotri Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Har ki doon Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Janki chatti Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Ful Chatti Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Hanuman Chatti Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Radhi danda Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Kharsali Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Purola Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from West Uttarkashi Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Naitwad Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Bdkot Rawain, Garhwal; Bhut Katha: A Ravain (Garhwali) Ghost Folk Story from Mori Rawain, Garhwal;

बदलते सांसारिक स्वरूप में ट्रैवल एजेंसी की नई भूमिका

Role of Travel Agency in Changing World

ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार का सुचारु रूप से संपादन - भाग -7

                                Business Management of Travel Agency in context Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development Part -7

   (Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series--60 )
                                उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्यविपणन प्रबंधन -भाग 60

आज ग्लोबलाइजेसन के कारण लोगों पर्यटन वृद्धि , ग्राहकों के सामने असंख्य विकल्पों के खुलने , तकनीक विकास व ग्राहकों के पास सुलभ धन आने से ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार में भी आमूल -चूल परिवर्तन आ गए हैं।

निम्न परिवर्तन ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार प्रभावित कर रहे हैं -

१- सभी देशों में शिक्षा हेतु विद्यार्थियों का विदेशों में शिक्षा प्राप्ति करने से ट्रैवल एजेंसी केवल टिकेट बुकिंग व्यापार तक सीमित नही रह गया है अपितु अब ट्रैवल एजेंसियों की भूमिका सलाहकार की भी बनती जा रही है एयर ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए कई अन्य व्यापारिक विकल्प भी खुल गए हैं।

२-ग्लोबलिाजेसन से एक देस से दूसरे देस में नौकरी हेतु आवाजाही बढ़ा है और उसी तेजी से ट्रैवल एजेंसियों की नई भूमिका भी स्थापित हुयी है।

३- अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर सभी देशों ने पर्यटन को मुख्य व्यापार बनाना शुरू किया है अतः ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए नई भूमिकायें भी रचित हुयी हैं।

४- भारत में राज्य ही नही जिला स्तर पर पर्यटन को विकसित करने की होड़ शुरू हो गई है और ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए नए नए व्यापार स्रोत्र खुलने के साथ जटिलता भी बढ़ी हैं। नए ज्ञान के लिए ट्रैवल एजेंसियों को सदा तत्पर रहने की आवश्यकता भी पड़ गई हैं।

५- अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर नए नए ट्रैवल डेस्टिनेसन्स रचे /बनाये जा रहे हैं और ट्रैवल एजेंसियों को नए वातवरण हेतु अपने को तैयार करना पड़ रहा है।

६-ट्रांस्पोर्टसन/परिवहन में नए नए माध्यमों में वृद्धि ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को हर समय प्रभावित कर रहे हैं।

७-पर्यटकों के रहने के लिए नए प्रकार के निवास (होटल ) आदि भी ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को प्रभावित कर रहे हैं।

८- पर्यटकों के खान -पान के नए ढंग पुराने प्रचलित ढंग भी ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को प्रभावित कर रहे हैं।

९-धार्मिक पर्यटन अब नई दिशाओं की ओर अग्रसर हो रहा जो ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के कार्य में जटिलता ला रहा है।

१०- पर्यटकों का ज्ञान माध्यमों में सुलभता , वृद्धि व ज्ञान अब बढ़ा है जिससे ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के कार्य शैली में भी परिवर्तन आ रहा है।

११- संचार -प्रसार की नई नई तकनीक आने से (जैसे इंटरनेट व मोबाइल फोन ) व ट्रैवल में नई तकनीक आने से ट्रैवल एजेंसियों के लिए अब प्रतियोगिता नए स्वरूप में आ रही है जिसके लिए ट्रैवल एजेंसियों की भूमिका भी बदल रही है।

१२- उपरोक्त कारणों व अन्य कारणों से ग्राहकों की रूचि में नित नए बदलाव आ रहे है अतः ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार में सजगता का स्थान कहीं अधिक हो गया है

१४- लाभ प्राप्ति के तरीकों में भी बदलाव आ रहे है जो ट्रैवल एजेंसी व्यापार को प्रभावित कर रहा है

१५- पेमेंट प्राप्ति के कई माध्यम बदल रहे हैं

१६-डॉलर भाव आदि में रोज बदलाव आने से भी ट्रैवल एजेंसी प्रभावित होती हैं

अब परिवर्तन अधिक तेजी से हो रहा है अतः ट्रैवल एजेंसियों को भी उसी तेजी से अपनी भूमिका भी बदलने की आवश्यकता है।

Contact ID bckukreti@gmail.com

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management for Garhwal, Kumaon and Hardwar series to be continued ...

उत्तराखंड में पर्यटन व आतिथ्य विपणन प्रबंधन श्रृंखला जारी …

References

1 -भीष्म कुकरेती, 2006 -2007 , उत्तरांचल में पर्यटन विपणन परिकल्पना ,शैलवाणी (150 अंकों में ) , कोटद्वार , गढ़वाल

Role of Travel Agency in Changing World; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Bhabhar Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Rudraprayag Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Chamoli Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Uttarkashi Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Dehradun Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Haridwar Garhwal, Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Udham Singh Nagar Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Nainital Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Almora Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Champawat Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Bageshwar Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ; Role of Travel Agency in Changing World in context with Pithoragarh Kumaon , Uttarakhand Tourism and Hospitality Development ;

History Review of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King with Delhi Rulers

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -87

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -332

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

From 1440-1548, Delhi’s political situation was unstable. Timur attacks disestablished the north Indian region that the Delhi rulers could not make Delhi rule stable. Khijrakhan (1414) established Sayyad rule in Delhi. Bahalolalodi dynasty took over Delhi in 1441. Babar took over the Delhi rule on 20^th April 1526. Babar died in 1530. Humayun could not consolidate his rule. Sher Shah Suri took over Delhi rule in 1540 by defeating Humayun. Humayun died in 1545 and his successors could rule for long.

Sheltering Hindus in Uttarakhand

Muslim rulers before Akbar suppressed Hindus from social, cultural and religious ways. Hindus were fleeing from their place for secured life where they could be Hindus. Hindus started taking shelters in Garhwal and Kumaon. That is why most of the Garhwali castes settlement is in this era of disturbances by Muslims in Indian plains. Garhwal and Kumaon Kings also offered shelter to Muslims too.

Shelter to Khawas Khan by Kumaon King

Khawas Khan from Marwat clan was one of the best generals of Sher Shah Suri. He was sympathetic to Adil Shah Suri and Khawaskhan was main supporter of Adilkhan the elder brother of Delhi ruler Islamshah. Adilkhan and Khawaskhan wanted their rule instead Islamshah. Khawaskahn helped Humayun.

Islamshah wanted to arrest Khawaskhan.

Khawaskhan took shelter in Kumaon under King Manek Chand.

Path of Khawas Khan from Garhwal to Kumaon

When Khawskhan reached to Ambala from Sarhind he crossed through Shivalik hills. According to Muslim folklore writers, Khawas Khan entered Kumaon from Dabar Ghat or port. He lived in Alalhahi.

The Muslim folklores suggest that Khawas Khan travelled Garhwal region (south Garhwal that is Shivalik and Bhabhar). It seems that contemporary Garhwal King had sympathy with Khawas Khan and offered path for Khawas Khan to travel through Garhwal.

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -333

References

1-Dr. Shiv Prasad Dabral, 1971, Uttarakhand ka Itihas Bhag-4, Veer Gatha Press, Dogadda, Pauri Garhwal, India

2-Harikrishna Raturi, Garhwal ka Itihas

3-Dr. Patiram, Garhwal Ancient and Modern

4-Rahul Sankrityayan, Garhwal

5- Oakley and Gairola, Himalayan Folklore

6- Bhakt Darshan, Garhwal ki Divangit Vibhutiyan

7-Foster, Early Travels in India William Finch

8-Upadhyaya, Shri Shankaracharya

9-Shering, Western Tibet and British

10-H.G. Walton, Gazetteer of British Garhwal

11-B.P.Kamboj, Early Wall Paintings of Garhwal

12-H.g Walton, Gazetteer of Dehradun

13- Vimal Chandra, Prachin Bharat ka Itihas

14-Meera Seth, Wall Paintings of Western Himalayas

15-Furar, Monumental Antiquities

16-Haudiwala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History

17- Rahul Khari 2007, Jats and Gujjar Origin, History and Culture

18- Upendra Singh, 2006, Delhi: Ancient History, Barghahan Books

19- B.S. Dahiya, 1980, Jats the Ancient Rulers (A Clan Study) , Sterling Publications

20- Maithani, Bharat –Gotrapravardeepika

21 Prem Hari Har Lal, 1993, The Doon Valley Down the Ages

22-Dashrath Sharma, Early Chauhan Dynasties

23- Shailndra Nath Sen, Ancient History and Civilization

24-H.M Elliot, 1867, The History of India as told by its Own Historians

25- Jaswant Lal Mehta, 1979, Advance Study in Medieval India

26- Nau Nihal Singh, 2003, The Royal Gurjars: their contribution to India, Anmol Publications

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter

History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Haridwar Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kingsl with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Dehradun Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal Kings with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Tehri Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Chamoli Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Bhabhar Garhwal; History of Diplomatic Relationships of Garhwal King Ajeypal with Delhi Rulers with context of History of Pauri Garhwal;

Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument

Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -149

गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र

Bhishma Kukreti (लोक साहित्य शोधार्थी)

Nagphani an Aero Phonic Folk Musical Instrument used in Garhwal Folk Dramas

Nagfani musical instrument is used very rarely and used by Tantrik or Mantrik ritual performers. Nagphani is linked to Lord Shiva. Nagphani is of hooded shape as snake with round and open mouth around 10 t0 15 cm in diameter. The musical instrument Nagphani is made by cooper and is smaller in size than other wind musical instrument.

Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter

References

1-Bharat Natyashastra

2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama

3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life

4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research

5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India

6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen

7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12

8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet

9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments

10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach

11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara

12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri

13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music

Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Chamoli Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Rudraprayag Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Pauri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Tehri Garhwal, North India, South Asia; in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Uttarkashi Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Dehradun Garhwal, North India, South Asia; Nagphani an Aero Phonic or Wind Folk Musical Instrument in Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Rituals, Community Theaters and Traditional Plays from Haridwar Garhwal, North India, South Asia

Ravain (Garhwali) Folk Tale about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost)

Garhwali Folk Tales, Fables, Traditional Stories, Community Narratives -88

Compiled and Edited by: Bhishma Kukreti (Management Training Expert)

(Reference: Dr Jagdish Naudiyal)

It was now, night. A person lost his path and he reached too far at River Bank. There, he met a beautiful young girl. She and he were walking on the path away from river bank. They reached far away. When there was dawn to come , he watched carefully the young girl and found that she was witch or female ghost. That person ran away from there and reached to a village.

He told his story of night that he was with a witch. The villagers hackled him from their village that since he was with a witch it might happened that witch may hit their small children. Our children and grand children might be dead by the effect of ghost and witch.

नौ ऊँ दूर नौऊ यख नि अऊ यख नि अउ

हमारा छ बटड़ा नातेडा झसी मरला छलि

References

1-Bhishma Kukreti, 1984, Garhwal Ki Lok Kathayen, Binsar Prakashan, Lodhi Colony, Delhi 110003,

2- Bhishma Kukreti 2003, Salan Biten Garhwali Lok Kathayen, Rant Raibar, Dehradun

3- Bhishma Kukreti, Garhwali Lok Kathaon ma Prabandh Vigyan ka Tantu , Chitthi Patri’s Lok Kathayen Visheshank , Dehradun

Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Hari ki Dun Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Yamunotri Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Dhatmir Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Janki Chatti Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Kharsali Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Rajgarhi Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Purola Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Kandari Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Naugaon Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Jarmola Uttarkashi about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Lakhamandal Dehradun about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost); Ravain (Garhwali, Himalayan) Folk Tale from Chakrata region Dehradun about existence of Bhutni (Witch or female Ghost);

उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका की गतिविधियाँ ई-मेल पर

उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका

Sunday, May 4, 2014