उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका: August 2014

Friday, August 29, 2014

जिस कविता पर दर्शक झूम उठते हैं

माता ब्रांडी ,पिता ओल्डमौंक

कवि -हरीश जुयाल

ओम नमो गुरु को आदेशा

माता ब्रांडी ,पिता ओल्डमौंक

तीन लोक तारिणी , थ्री ऐक्स डागिणी , लाल नागिणी

चेतक बियर को आदेशा

व्हिस्की पीर को आदेशा

टिंचरी जोगिणी कु जुहार

ठर्रा जोगी कू नमस्कार

अनंत झांझ्यों मस्तक चढ़ाई

फुलमुंड्या कच्ची तुम्हारो भाई

कंटर नाथ कच्ची थड़कंतो आयो

जिकुड़ी जळन्तो आयो

अन्दडी सड़न्तो आयो

भट्टा बैठन्तो आयो

ख्याळा म्याळौ मा तेरी बयाळ चले

दफ्तर बजारौं मा तेरी बयाळ चले

बरात की जिया तेरी बयाळ चले

दावत की हिया तेरी बयाळ चले

दस दिशा चार खूंटो कुमौ गढ़वाल जले

किसने हाणी किसने छाणी

छाण छूण के कांच कु गिलास ल्यायो

फिर सर नीचे टांग अगास करायो

एक दिन झांझी ले बोतळ पर ताणी लगायो

लूण की गारी में प्याज की दाणी चपायो

पैगमारी मुष्टिमारी

लात मारी हाथ मारी

किस किस पै हाथ चलायो

किस किस पै लात चलायो

पटवारी पे हाथ चलायो

महिलावर्ग पै लात चलायो

हाथ चलाकर पणकोखी फोड़े

लात गज्याके टंगडी तोड़े

टंगड़ी तोड़ के जेल डळवायो

पुलिस की दुल्लती को सल्लाम

दीवान की हस्ती को सल्लाम

टूटती सांकी को सल्लाम

महिला मंगलदल घाण पड़े ( मूसल की मार )

पब्लिक का डांड पड़े

जेल साँचा , पियक्कड़ कांचा

दारु छोड़ कुटजोवाचा

नी छोड़ी तो

च्यस -च्यस -घुट -घुट

सक्क सक्क

स्वाहा

Contact -09568021039

harishjuyalkutaj2012@gmail.com

नेता कु पशुचरित्र भाग - 1

चबोड़्या , चखन्यौर्या - भीष्म कुकरेती

s = अधा अ

ब्याळि मि अपण नातिक स्कूल ग्यों तो द्याख कि मास्टर जीन एक ऐनिमल किंगडम याने जानवरूं साम्राज्य कु बोर्ड टंग्युं छौ और मुख्य बोर्ड पर शीर्षक लिख्युं छौ नेताचारितम् याने नेताओं के मुख्य गुण और जानवरों के गुण !

मास्टरजी पढ़ाना छया -

नेता बणनो वास्ता मनुष्य तैं जानवरूं कु चरित्र अंगीकार करण आवश्यक हूंद।

गैंडा जन खलड़ी - नेता की खाल गैंडा जन म्वाट खलड़ो हूण जरूरी च कि जनता कथगा बि रोये -पीटे नेताजी की सेहत पर फरक नि पड़न चयेंद। उ नेता नी च जु जनता का दुःख से दुखी ह्वे जावु।

बेशरम लोमड़ी /स्याळ - चालाकी मा नेताओं तैं स्याळ से बि अग्वाड़ी हूण चयेंद। दुसरौ याने म्वारुं जमायुं शहद कु छत्ता पर अपण अधिकार करण मा कबि बि नि शर्माण चयेंद।

बिरळि - शांत अर ठंडो मिजाज सिखण हो त बिरळ से सिखण चयेंद , कथगा बि अभियोग लग जावन तो भी नरसिम्हा राव या मनमोहन सिंह जीक तरां शांत रौण चयेंद।

बिरळि अपण बच्चों तैं सात घौर दिखांदी - नेताओं तैं बि अपण द्वी नम्बरो कमाई कबि बि एक जगा मा या एक फॉरेन बैंक मा नि रखण चयेंद अपितु बेनामी चल अथवा अचल सम्पति तैं बराबर बदलण चयेंद। हालांकि इन सुणन मा आयि बल अच्काल बल सहारा चिट फंड , श्रद्धा चिट फंड जन कम्पनी नेताओं बेनामी धन तैं इना ऊना घुमाणा रौंदन।

कळजिंड/ कोयल - कोयल अपण अंडा कवाक घोल मा धरदी याने अपण बोझ दुसरौ पीठ मा या काँध मा डळण सिखण हो तो कोयल से या नारायण दत्त तिवाड़ी से सिखण चयेंद।

कर्रें - जब बि नेता विरोधी पार्टी का हूंद व या वा कर्रें तरां कर्र -कर्र करद।

कुत्ता - नेता तैं अपण कुर्सी का आस पास कै हैंक नेता तैं द्याख ना कि खदुळ कुत्ता का तरां भुकण शुरू कर दीण चयेंद।

कळु /तोता - चुनाव का टैम पर अच्छे दिन आएंगे की एकी रट अर चुनाव जितणो बाद रटण चयेंद अच्छे दिन लाणो वास्ता दस साल बि कम पोड़ल।

कळु /तोता - कळु तैं सूंघीक पता चल जांद कि कख फल पक्याँ छन ऊनि नेता तैं बि पता चलण चयेंद कि कख मलाई या चंदा मिलणु च।

गरुड़ - कुर्सी पर दूर से नजर पड़नै गुण गरुड़ से सिखण आवश्यक च।

चिंचुड़ - याने जनता कु खून चुस्वा

सरसु याने खटमल - शोषण करणै बड़ी सक्यात

गू खवा सुंगर - सुंगर टट्टी खाण से परेज नि करदु अर नेता शौचालय साफ़ करणो ठेका से घूस लीणम परेज नि करद।

बांदर -नकलची ! दुसरों नारा तैं अपण नारा बतैक भाषण दीण।

बकै दुसर दिन भाग 2 मा .......

Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language, Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language , Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language , North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language , Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language , Ridicule in Garhwali Language , Mockery in Garhwali Language, Send-up in Garhwali Language, Disdain in Garhwali Language, Hilarity in Garhwali Language, Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language; Garhwali Humor in Garhwali Language from Pauri Garhwal; Himalayan Satire in Garhwali Language from Rudraprayag Garhwal; Uttarakhandi Wit in Garhwali Language from Chamoli Garhwal; North Indian Spoof in Garhwali Language from Tehri Garhwal; , Regional Language Lampoon in Garhwali Language from Uttarkashi Garhwal; Ridicule in Garhwali Language from Bhabhar Garhwal; Mockery in Garhwali Language from Lansdowne Garhwal; Hilarity in Garhwali Language from Kotdwara Garhwal; Cheerfulness in Garhwali Language from Haridwar;

History of Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah part -1

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -168

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -415

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

Jai Kirti or Jay Krit Shah getting Crown

Pradyumna Shah was ascended on Kumaon crown. However, his father Lalit Shah could not see Pradyuman Shah in Almora court. The favorites administrators of queen Dotiyali were eager to ascend Pradyumna as Kumaon King and his own younger brother Parakram Shah as Garhwal King. However, when Lalit shah died Pradyumna and Parakram were minor. Therefore, supporters of Queen Dotiyali could not execute their planning. Therefore, the eldest prince Jai Kirti Shah was ascended on crown. Jai Kirti Shah was the most unlucky Garhwal King who never enjoyed peaceful life due to factionalism among his administrators. The Kingdom ministers and elites deceived him at regular intervals.

Ruling Period of King Jai Kirti Shah

The following suggestions are for ruling period of King Jai Kirti Shah.

Becket- 1780-1786

Raturi- 1791-1797

Mukandilal – 1780-1785.

Raturi is wrong as when Hardwick reached in 1796 in Shrinagar, Pradyumna Shah was the Garhwal King.

There are copper inscriptions of Pradyuman Shah as Kumaon King for the years of 1781-1784. There are copper inscriptions of Mohan Chand as the King of Kumaon for 1786-1788. That means Jai Kirti Shah was definitely Garhwal King from 1780 to 1783. Jai Kirti Shah died in 1785. When Garhwali army from Kumaon attacked and looted Dvalgarh , jai Kirti Shah had to flee.

Rise and Fall of Minister Nitya Nand Khanduri

There were many factions in the court of Jai Kirti Shah. A faction wanted to see Parakram as King and other faction was interested in diminishing other faction from the court. The administrators were mainly divided in two groups led by Dobhal and Khanduri clans. Nitya Nand Khanduri was leader of Khanduri group and Kripa Ram Dobhal was leader of Dobhal group.

Pradip Shah appointed a Khanduri as chief minister in place of Shankar Dobhal (perhaps Nitya Nand Khanduri). That Khanduri stopped all the government policies set by Dobhal. Khanduri stopped Jagir and Vriti of many people set by Dobhal. That is why there was enmity between Khanduri and Dobhal families. It is said that till recent modern time, there was no marriage between Doval /Dobhal and Khanduri families.

In the time of Lalit Shah and early period of Jai Kirti Shah, Nitya Nand Khanduri was on the most important posts of Mahamantri and Mukhtar (chief minister and chief accountant). Therefore, most of the court employees had to depend for favor from Nitya Nand Khanduri. Nitya Nand was also offered Jagirdar of Salan region. The income of Salan was one and quarter lakh per annum.

Prempati Khanduri was a minister in Lalit Shah’s rule. Prempati was a favorite of queen Dotiyali. Therefore, in Kumaon campaign, Lalit Shah sent Prempati Khanduri to Almora with Joshis. Prem Pati became supporter of Joshis and started sending reports to Shrinagar from Almora as per advices of Joshis. Prempati became guardian of Pradyuman Shah in Almora when Pradyuman came to Kumaon as King.

Kripa Ram Dobhal as Chief Minister

Lalit Shah made Kripa Ram Dobhal as guardian of prince jai Kirti Shah. Lalit Shah never liked Jai Kirti Shah. Kripa Ram Dobhal had sympathy with Jai Kirti Shah and his mother. When Kai Kirti Shah became Garhwal King in Shrinagar, Jai Kirti Shah appointed Kriparam Dobhal as Chief Minister. However, Nitya Nand Khanduri was accountant and Jagirdar (Chieftain) of Salan.

Kriparam Dobhal corrected and improved the administration. Jai Kirti shah and other appreciated the improved administration of Kriparam Dobhal. Nitya Nand Khanduri was enraged watching the progress of his enemy. Nitya Nand Khanduri took a vow with other selfish ministers for diminishing Kriparam Dobhal and his supporters.

Conspiracy of Nitya Nand Khanduri against King Jai Kirti Shah

Nitya Nand was unable to watch Kripa Ram’s rise in Garhwal court. He started to be at his home only. Nitya Nand Khanduri sent a secret letter to Jaya Nand Joshi of Kumaon Court in Almora. Nitya Nand Khanduri wrote that Kripa Ram Doval had taken whole power in his hand. Nitya Nand wrote that Kriparam Doval was busy in formulating strategy to win Kumaon for Jai Kirti Shah. Khanduri cautioned Joshis that if Kripa Ram Doval becomes successful in winning Kumaon, he would dispatch Joshis out of Kumaon. Nitya Nand Khanduri called Joshis to come to Shrinagar for killing Kriparam Dobhal and taking Pradyuman Shah to Kumaon.

Nitya Nand Khanduri lured Joshis that Pradyuman and Parakram were minors therefore; it was Joshi to rule in Kumaon and Khanduri to rule Garhwal after death of Jai Kirti Shah and Kriparam Dobhal.

Threats from Joshis of Kumaon

After receiving letter from Nitya Nand Khanduri, Jaya Nand Joshi the minister of Kumaon made a strategy for attacking Garhwal. Jay Nand Joshi wrote letter to Kripa Ram Dobhal. The letter stated that after getting instruction from King Lalit Shah they (Joshis) appointed forces in Almora for diminishing Mohan Chand forever and ascending Pradyuman Shah as Kumaon King. The letter referred that the newly appointed force and old force is asking salaries. Joshi informed Dobhal that the soldiers were restless for Pradyuman Shah not arriving in Almora and their salaries. The soldiers threatened that if salaries were not paid they would attack on Shrinagar.

Kriparam Dobhal was a deeply worried man after receiving the letter.

Kripa Ram Dobhal got advices from his brother in laws Shri Vilas Nautiyal and Bhavanand Nautiyal and called an emergency meeting of all ministers, three groups of Negi at his residence. Nitya Nand Khanduri did not attend the meet. Kriparam Dobhal went in person to meet Nitya Nand Khanduri at his residence. Nitya Nand Khanduri pretended as ailing old man and pardoned for not attending meeting.

Nitya Nand told a man that that Dobhal was dangerous man and wanted to get all power. Kripa Ram found that Nitya Nand wanted Jai Krit Shah out of crown and wanted to make Parakram Shah as Garhwal King. Kripa Ram Dobhal also found that Nitya Nand Khanduri invited Jay Nand to attack on Shrinagar.

Fall of Nitya Nand Khanduri

Kripa Ram was sure that Nitya Nand Khanduri was deceiving. Kripa Ram Doval met important ministers and elites and got them with him to help Jai Kirti Shah. He called all ministers, Bakshi, Negi, Khan, Khavas , Goldar and Faujdar to his residence. Dobhal cleared to all that Nitya Nand Khanduri wanted to get rid of Jai Kirti Shah. He cleared that who wanted Jai Kirti Shah as Garhwal King they should be with him and those wanted Jai Kirti Shah not as Garhwal King they may join Nitya Nand Khanduri. Every minister told that they are with Jai Kirti Shah. Kripa Ram Dobhal took religious promise (Jhalikhanda) from each minister and elite to protect Garhwal King jai Kirti Shah.

N hat same night, Kriparam captured Nitya Nand Khanduri and his all family members including his old wife and put them in Banag Garh prison. Nitya Nand Khanduri was made complete blind by putting indigo into his eyes.

Kriparam distributed the wealth among others. Kriparam captured his Jagir and land. Kriparam became Jagirdar of Salan. Kriparam appointed Devi Datt as Daftari (accountant) in place of Nitya Nand Khanduri.

Maularam described the above events in Garhrajvanshkavya. Maularam did not mention anything about the role of King Jai Kirti Shah.

Arrival of Joshis in Shrinagar

Jaya Nand Joshi was on his way to Shrinagar as per the advice of Nitya Nand Khanduri. On the way to Shrinagar, Jaya Nand Joshi got information that Kriparam put Nitya Nand Khanduri and his family into prison. It was not possible for Jaya Nand Joshi to go back to Kumaon without visiting Shrinagar. Jay Nand Joshi was a wise man and knew to take advantage of adverse situation too. Jaya Nand Joshi reached to Shrinagar. Kriparam Dobhal sent a messenger to Jaya Nand Joshi to know the motto of Jaya Nand. Jaya Nand Joshi sent a letter that since Garhwal King Jai Kirti Shah was also his King and Joshi had come to meet his King. Jaya Nand Joshi also confirmed that he had come to take Kumaon King Pradyuman Shah with him to Almora.

Kripa Ram arranged staying facilities for Jaya Nand Joshi. On a day, Kriparam arranged meeting of Jaya Nand Joshi with the King Jai Kirti Shah.

Jaya Nand Joshi pleaded to jai Kirti Shah to send Kumaon King Pradyuman Shah to Kumaon. Jaya Nand Joshi told to the King that since there was no King in Kumaon the subject was not ready for paying taxes and there was overdue of salaried of armed forces.

After discussion with Kriparam Dobhal, Jai Kirti Shah agreed to send Pradyuman Shah to Almora with Joshi. However, jai Kirti Shah refused to pay the salary of armed forces from Garhwal Kingdom. Jai Kirti Shah clearly told to Jaya Nand Joshi that forces belong to Kumaon and hence it was duty of Kumaon Kingdom to settle the dues on it. Jaya Nand was now a frustrated man. He accepted that Kumaon Kingdom would look after its accounts.

Pradyuman Shah was sent to Almora with Jaya Nand Joshi. Garhwal King offered a horse as gift to Jaya Nand Joshi. Pradyuman Shah was now as Pradyuman Chand and was sent to Almora with grace and in festive situation.

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -416

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….

Notes on South Asian Early Modern Period History of Garhwal; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Pauri Garhwal; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Chamoli Garhwal; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Rudraprayag Garhwal; South Asian Medieval History of Tehri Garhwal; Medieval History of Uttarkashi Garhwal; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Dehradun, Garhwal; Medieval History of Haridwar ; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Manglaur, Haridwar; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Rurkee Haridwar ; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Bahadarpur Haridwar ; South Asian Early Modern Period History of Haridwar district to be continued

अरी पहाड़ी नारी ! तू मेरी सौतन री !

चबोड़ ? चखन्यौ ? - भीष्म कुकरेती

s = अधा अ

मि तैं तुम मिसेज अबोध बंधु बहुगुणा , श्रीमती डंडरियाल , श्रीमती रघुवीर सिंह अयाल , श्रीमती केशवान , श्रीमती असवाल , मिसेज पराशर गौड़ , श्रीमती विनोद जेठुरी , मिसेज जगमोहन जयाड़ा , मिसेज बालकृष्ण भट्ट , श्रीमती राजेन्द्र सिंग फरियादी या मिसेज गीतेश नेगी कुछ बि बोलि सकदां पर मि ढोल बजैक , तुरही फूंकिक , डौंर बजैक , थाळी छणकैक , कंटर पीटिक ऐड़ैक , बीच बजार मा धै लगैक बुलणु छौं बल स्या पहाड़ी औरत मेरी सौतन , सौत च।

तैं पहाड़ की जनानीन मि तैं वै दिन से इ जलाण -कुढ़ाण शुरू कौर आल छौ जैदिन बटे मी तैं यी याने म्यरो हजबैंड जी ब्यौ बाद पहाड़ से दिल्ली लेकि ऐ छा। यी कवि हृदयी त नि छन बल्कण मा बकळि जिकुड़ी का छन पर असल मा गढ़वाली कवि छन।

सुहाग रातक दुसर सुबेर यी मि तैं लेकी दिल्ली ऐ गे छा अर यूंन तब अंदो आंद 'पहाड़ की नार की द्वी साल बाद सुहाग रात ' पर बड़ी हाहाकारी कविता लेखिक छ्पवै छे अर तब से मेरी समज मा ऐ गे पहाड़ की नारी मेरी सौत री !

दुसर कविता मा यूंन पहाड़ की नारी ठंड मा , ऐड़ी मा सुबेर सुबेर मुंहअंधेरे उठिक जंदर पीसण , घाम आण पर घमघम कुटणो वर्णन करी छौ अर पहाड़ की नारी की असह्य कठण जिंदगी वर्णन से एक कवि सम्मेलन मा श्रोताओं तैं रुलै छौ अर इथगा बढ़िया असलियतबादी कविता से अपण दगड्या कवियों तैं जळै छौ। पर म्यार कजे की कविनजर मे पर नि पौड़ी कि मी बि त प्रवास मा पैल यूंक भाइ पढ़ै वास्ता फिर अपण बच्चों की खातिर दिल्ली मा 4 डिग्री की ठंड ह्वेन या ह्वेन 44 डिग्री को उमळतो मि सुबेर 4 बजी बिजिक कामधाम मा लग जांद छौ। म्यार सुकुमार हृदयी कजे तैं मेरी मेनत , परिवार का वास्ता शरीर खपाई की जिंदगी मा कुछ बि करुणा नि दिखे बस पहाड़ी नारी की एवरेस्ट की ऊकाळ वळि जिंदगी दिखे अर युंकुंण त जन बुल्यां प्रवासी नारी राजसी ठाठ करदारी नारी ह्वावु।

मेरा यूँ हृदय विदारकी कवि पति तैं पहाड़ की नारीक लखड़ निड़ाण से लेकि लखड़ों बोझ से पिलसीं -पिल्चीं जिंदगी अवश्य दिख्याई किन्तु इतना दशाब्द्यूं मा इन नि दिखे कि यूंकि धर्मपत्नी बि मिट्टी तेल लीणो बान चार चार घंटा राशनै दुकान मा हर हफ्ता खड़ी रैंदी . नारी पीड़ा प्रेमी मेरो कवि हज्बैंड यदि एक कविता मेरी परेशानी पर बि लेखी लींद तो मि कबि बि नि सोचदु की पहाड़ी नारी मेरी सौत च।

पहाड़ की नारी को मैत नि जै सकणो असमर्थता पर तो मेरा कवि पतिन करुण रस मा डुबाइं -भिगाइं खंड काव्य लेखिक जयश्री सम्मान प्राप्त कार किंतु अपण घौरम अपण पत्नी का वूं रिसदा घावूं तैं दिखद , महसूस करदा बिसर गेन जु घाव यूंक पत्नी तैं पिछला बीस साल से पहाड़ नि जै सकणो असमर्थता से पैदा ह्वेन। वाह हे गढ़वाली कवि ! पहाड़ की नारी का मैत प्रेम माँ तो , टीस , असह्य करुणा किंतु प्रवासी नारी ज्वा मैत से बिमुख करे गे वींक मैतै खुद पर एक बि आंसू ना ? पहाड़ी नारी की खुद की कीमत बेशकीमती हीरा अर प्रवासी नारी का आंसू की क्वी कीमत ना ? वाह रे गढ़वाली का सुनामधन्य कवि !

हे कवि माराज ! पहाड़ की अनपढ़ नारी जब पटवारी का खसरा मा अंगूठा लगान्दी तो तुम अपणी कविता मा दुनिया की सब स्कूलों तैं जमींदस्त करणै वकालात करदा छया किन्तु दिल्ली मा चालीस साल रैक बि मि अबि बि सरकारी कागजुं मा अंगूठा हि लगांदु किंतु आपन कबि नि स्वाच कि मी बि एक अनपढ़ नारी छौं ? क्या आप तैं ख़याल बि आयि कि खाली पहाड़ ही ना इख दिल्ली मा बि में सरीखा अनपढ़ नारी छन ?

अबि तुमर एक खंड काव्य प्रकाशित ह्वे जैक नाम च 'एकुलास कु बुढ़ापा '। इ खंडकाव्य पर आप तैं उत्तराखंड कवि शिरोमणि पुरूस्कार बि मील। ये खंड काव्य मा तुमन पहाड़ मा एक इन बुडड़ी वर्णन कार ज्वा पहाड़ का एक गां मा कथगा इ सालुं से शहर मा रौण वाळ नाती नतिण्यूं जग्वाळ मा बैठीं च। पर हे पहाड़ नारी प्रेमी कबि मेरि जग्वाळ पर बि त कलम चलाओ कि मि दिल्ली मा रौंद बि दिल्ली मा रौण वाळ अपण नाती नतिण्यूं द्वी साल शकल दिखण से बेजार छौं। मेरी क़ुदसा पर कलम चलाण मा तुमतै किलै शरम लगदि ?

पहाड़ी नारी तो सौभाग्यवती च कि वींक दुखों पर कलम चलाण वाळ गढ़वाळ मा बि छन अर प्रवास मा बि छन किन्तु मै सरीखा बेबस प्रवासी जनानी पर जब प्रवासी साहित्यकार ही कलम नि चालांदन तो गढ़वाल का साहित्यकार किलै प्रवासी जनानी तैं याद कारल ?

रामु का बुबा जी ! पहाड़ की श्यामु ब्वे पर त तुम खूब कलम चलाणा रौंदा तो तुमर काखमा बैठीं रामु की मा तैं बि साहित्य मा भूलां -बिसरां कबि कब्यार जगा दिलावो ना ! मी बि त गढ़वाली नार छौं !

History of Kumaon Campaign by Garhwal King Lalit Shah

History of Garhwal King Lalit Shah part - 3

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -167

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -414

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

Mohan Chand getting Kumaon Kingdom

At the time of Deep Chand as Kumaon King, opponent of Kahsipur Bhabhar in charge Shiv Datt Joshi killed Shiv Datt Joshi. They also killed two sons of Shiv Datt Joshi. Third son Harsh Dev Joshi escaped from the opponents. After some time, Hari ram Joshi died. Now, the administrators were free do act as per their wishes and it was free for all in Kumaon Kingdom. Deep Chand was helpless to recover the administration. His queen Shringar Manjari started interfering in te court activities. King Deep Chand appointed Harsh Dev Joshi (son of Shiv Datt Joshi) and Jaikrishna Joshi on prominent positions in Kumaon court. The queen Shringar Manjari appointed Mohan Chand Gusain and Parma Nand Bisht in place of Harsh Dev Joshi and Jaikrishna Joshi. Mohan Chand Gusain and his brother Lal Singh Gusain were decedent of late King Bajbahadur.

In 1777, Mohan Chand arranged Killing of Deep Chand and his supporters including his sons. Jaikrishna jOshi was also killed. Harsh Dev Joshi was put in jail. Mohan Chand became King of Kumaon.

Joshi Escaping from Almora

Mohan Chand Gusain used to think Joshis as his main enemies. He killed Lakshmi Pati Joshi. Lakshmi Pati Joshi was subordinate of Harsh dev Joshi. Mohan Chand also killed other Joshis and their supporters in Almora. Harsh Dev Joshi escaped from jail and reached to Bareli. Jay Nand Joshi and other Joshi also reached to Bareli.

Joshis were not having any work in Bareli and it was difficult for them to run the life. At that period Garhwal army was defeated by Sirmaur army. Harsh Dev Joshi became active to make fool of Garhwal King Lalit Shah.

Joshis sent a letter for Garhwal King Lalit Shah. In that letter they wrote that Lalit Shah could become the ruler of Kumaon and Sirmaur. Joshi requested Lalit Shah to attack on Kumaon and they would support Lalit Shah.

Lalit Shah coming under Conspiracies of Joshis

History is witness that solid Kingdom were destroyed due to greed and affection for women. King Lalit Shah was pleased to get letter from Joshi those were taking shelter in Bareli. He was already anxious to capture Sirmaur and Kumaon for his sons.

Lalit Shah answered to Joshis. Garhwal King invited Joshis to come to Shrinagar. Lalit Shah wrote that Joshi can take Garhwal army to capture Almora and Champawat. King wrote that you (Joshis) kill Mohan Chand and ascend Garhwal Prince Pradyuman on Kumaon throne.

The supporting administrators of Dotiyali Queen as Prempati Khanduri and Nityanand Khanduri wanted sons of the Doti queen Pradyuman Shah or Prakram Shah as King. They and Lalit Shah forgot in the same situation Pradip Shah the grandfather of Lalit Shah was caught in great dangers due to conspiracy of forefathers of present Joshis.

Deceptive Methods of Joshis

Joshis received the answer from Lalit Shah and were now, sure that the greedy King was under their selfish influences. Joshis wrote letter to the King that they were in heavy debts of 20-25 thousands rupees and before coming Garhwal they had to pay back the debts of money lenders.

Lalit Shah sent Rupees 25000 and gold coins too for Joshis living in Bareli. Joshis distributed money among themselves.

Garhwal King Welcoming Joshis in Shrinagar

Harsh Dev Joshi remained in Bareli under specific strategy. Jayanand Joshi and other Joshis came to Shrinagar. Joshis were resided in big Haveli and offered lavish dinner and lunches. Garhwal King ordered to store keeper and kitchen keeper to offer Joshis as per their demand.

Joshis reached to the court of Lalit shah with Shrifal (coconut). Joshis blessed Garhwal King with misspelled or wrong rong meaningful Shloka.

Lalit Shah and Joshis had sweet discussion. Jayanand Joshi told that Joshis and other Kumaoni ministers were ready to deceive their own Kingdom. Lalit Shah told that he was handing over his beloved son Pradyuman Shah to Kumaoni Pundits or ministers. Joshis advised the King that the King should send Garhwal army with them to Kumaon to dethrone Mohan Chand from Kumaon Kingdom. Joshis told to the King that they would take Pradyuman Shah after killing Mohan Chand.

Ascending Pradyuman Shah on Kumaon Throne

In Shrinagar Joshis ascended Pradyuman Shahn on Kumaon throne with auspicious chanting. Joshis sent the message to their supporters in Almora. Joshis took money from Garhwal King and dispatched secretly to their supporters that is – commanders, administrators and elites of Kumaon in Almora for corrupting them.

Bagwalipokhar Battle

Garhwal King Lalit Shah sent Garhwal army led by Minister Prempati Khanduri and Commander Dhannu Gaddi with Joshis to conquer Kumaon. Garhwal army with Joshis entered in Kumaon from Lohaba side. Garhwal army reached to Dwarhat of Kumaon. Kumaon King Mohan Chand was now, a worried King. At the same time Harsh Dev Joshi also reached to Almora.

Mohan Chand promised Harsh Dev Joshi if Kumaon army defeat Garhwal Army Harsh Dev Joshi would get his post and honor back. Harsh Dev Joshi marched with Kumaon Army led by Lal Singh the brother of Mohan Chand to fight with Garhwal army. When Harsh Dev Joshi came to know that Garhwal Army defeated Kumaon army in Bagwali Pokhar, Harsh Dev Joshi reached secretly to meet Joshis who were with Garhwal Army. After defeat, Mohan Chand and his brother ran away from Kumaon (1779) and took shelter under Rampur ruler Faijulla Khan.

Rule of Joshis on Kumaon

Now, Joshis were real ruler of Kumaon. Harsh Dev Joshi and other Joshis were ruling Kumaon in the name of King Pradyuman Shah. Prem Pati Khanduri was with them and he became their stern supporter.

Joshis and Khanduri sent a letter to Lalit Shah that he should send Kumaon King Pradyuman Shah to Almora.

Discussion about Sending Pradyuman Shah to Kumaon

Lalit Shah discussed the matter with his aids. Pradyuman Shah was only thirteen years old prince and he was also not a strong built man. Lalit Shah and ministers of Garhwal were aware the past killings of two Kumaoni Kings and in pat Pradip Shah was caught in major danger in Kumaon.

Lalit Shah wrote letter to Joshis that since, Pradyuman Shah was immature instead of prince the King was coming to Almora to reconstruct the administration. Joshis were not comfortable with Lalit Shah coming to Almora.

Joshis wrote back to Lalit Shah not to come to Almora but to dispatch Pradyuman Shah.

Lalit Shah Marching to Almora

Lalit Shah was not satisfied by the answer of Joshis. He along with Garhwal army marched towards Kumaon. When Garhwal King reached at Khetsari, Joshis were afraid. Harsh Dev Joshi ran away from Almora.

Jayanand Joshi came to Khetsari and met the King Lalit Shah. Jayanand Joshi told to Lalit Shah that the deceptive ministers had run away from Almora and he was alone in Almora. He made Lalit Shah understands to camp in Dulari and he would bring the Kumaoni ministers and elites to the King. Jayanand also promised that he would bring Harsh Dev Joshi to meet the King.

Lalit Shah accepted the advice of Jayanand Joshi and shifted his camp from Khetsari to Duladi.

Lalit Shah in Dulari camp for Seven Months

Garhwal army dug the camp in Dulari/Duladi. Garhwal King had to camp in Dulari for seven months. Garhwal King wanted to meet harsh Dev Joshi before sending Pradyuman Shah to Almora. Joshis wanted that first Garhwal King should return to Shrinagar. Both sides were using diplomacy but both were susceptive with each other’s deceptiveness. Garhwal King was adamant to send his son without proper protection for his son in Almora. Lalit Shah wanted to meet Harsh dev Joshi and harsh dev Joshi did not meet him.

One day, harsh Dev Joshi appeared in Dulari with his own army. He entered in the camp of King. Harsh Dev Joshi talked with Garhwal King for a while and walked out from camp suddenly. The King and ministers were shocked to find the behavior of Harsh Dev Joshi. Garhwal King was helpless as Harsh Dev had his army with him. After that short meeting Harsh Dev Joshi never came to meet Garhwal King Lalit Shah.

Death of Lalit Shah in Dulari

Lalit Shah offered money to Joshis to get Kumaon Kingdom. Joshis got back Kumaon Kingdom and did not allow Garhwal King to rule over Kumaon. Lalit Shah was a disturbed man in Dulari. Lalit shah and his many aids got caught by Malaria. Due to Malaria Lalit Shah died in August 1780.

His body was brought back in Shrinagar and was cremated in Shrinagar.

Kumaoni Folklore

The Kumaon folklore sates slightly different story about Lalit Shah and Harsh Dev Joshi than what Maulram wrote in ‘Garharjkavya’.

1-Harsh Dev invited Lalit Shah when he was in prison of Mohan Chand in Almora. When Lalit Shah attacked on Kumaon, Mohan Chand freed Harsh Dev Joshi and sent Harsh Dev Joshi with Lal Singh‘s army to defend Garhwal army.

2-After Bagwalipokhar battle, Lalit Shah invited Harsh Dev Joshi at Pali. And there they ascended Pradyuman Shah on Kumaon crown.

Lalit shah died due to Malaria.

Character of Lalit Shah

Lalit Shah was a greedy King.

He was not able to guess the power and strategic points of his enemy that is why he could not be successful in winning Sirmaur.

His greed became the source of destruction of Garhwal Kingdom.

He did not offer shelter to scholars as his forefathers used to offer. Only Maulram was his a court artist. Maulram portrayed his portrait.

Lalit Shah accepted the dressing and culture of Sikhs (as shown in portrait by Maularam).

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -415

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….

Wednesday, August 27, 2014

History of Managing Doon valley in Lalit Shah Period

History of Garhwal including Haridwar (1223- 1804 AD) –part -166

History of Uttarakhand (Garhwal, Kumaon and Haridwar) -413

By: Bhishma Kukreti (A History Research Student)

In last days of Pradip Shah, Garhwal King Pradip could get back Dehradun from Mughal rule. However, Pradip Shah could not pay attention on managing Dehradun (Doon Valley). Rohilla commander Nazibuddaula established tens of Rohilla and Pathan families in Doon valley. Pradip Shah pushed back Rohilla and Pathan from Doon valley. However, Pradip Shah did not take proper decision to manage Doon valley and the disturbances in Doon valley persisted there even after his death.

Till then, the head quarter of Dehradun /Doon valley was in Nvada. At this period, the population nearby Guru Ram Rai Durbar or Dera at Dhamawala had been increasing. The governor of Doon valley shifted head quarter of Doon at Dera Dhamawala. The Mahant of Guru Ram Rai had been regularly interfering in the Doon Management.

Extention of Awadh’s (Oudh) Territory by Shuja-ud- Daula

Due to interference of Maratha, Jabita Khan became Meer Bakshi of Mughal Empire in 1773. However, his wealth and armed force power was reduced due to Shakrtal and Pithoragarh defeat. Nazib ud Daula the father of Jabita Khan used to help his native forces of Rohillas and Afghans . When around 1774, Rohillas and Afghans were fighting for their existences, Jabita Khan could not help his native forces. However, his secret connections were with Rohillas. In 1774, Oudh/Awadh Nabab Shuja ud Daula defeated Rohillas in Meeran Katra battle. Now, Shuja Ud Daula decided to capture the territory of Jabita Khan. Oudh Nabab captured the territories of Jabita Khan. Nabab captured Nazibabad too and east of Ganga territories.

Oudh Nabab Shuja ud Daula captured South Bhabhar. Now, South Bhabhar -Mordhwaj, Bijnor, Nazibabad, Chandanpur, Motadhang (parts of Garhwal before Nazib Khan) was under Shuja ud- Daula. A narrow strip of LalDhang to Chandighat was under Garhwal Kingdom.

Jabita Khan attacking on Doon Valley

After losing main territory of east of Ganga, Bijnor etc, Jabita Khan had some parts of Meerut and Saharanpur. He was Meer Bakshi just for naming sake. Mirja Najaf was looking after the administration of Mughal administration. Jabita Khan had to pay tribute to Mughal Empire as other Jagirdars used to pay. Jabita Khan tried to recapture Doon valley.

According to folklore, Jabita Khand attacked on a fort of Bhogpur in 1775. At the same time, Mughal Emperor appointed Abulkasimkhan as Faujdar of Saharanpur and ordered him to collect tax from Jabita Khan who did not pay tribute or amny years. Jabita Khan had to return from Doon valley to Saharanpur empty hand.

First Sikh Attack on Doon Valley

Since, Mughal Kingdom was in very bad shape, Sikh armed forces used to loot here and there. Sikh armed forces attacked whole of Doon in 1775. Sikh soldiers looted cruelly to whole Dehradun and did destruction too.

Escaping by Jabita Khan

After looting Doon valley, Sikh soldiers were to loot Saharanpur. Jabita Khan paid them heavy price for not looting Saharanpur region.

In 1776, with the help of Sikh forces, Jabita Khan killed the Mughal Faujdar of Saharanpur. On 24^th April 1777, Mughal army defeated Jabita Khan. Jabita Khan ran away from Saharanpur and Mughal army captured his son Gulam Kadir and family members. Jabita Khan accepted Sikh sect and became Dharma Singh.

Second Looting of Doon Valley by Sikh Forces

In 1778, a Mughal force was sent to Punjab for suppressing the Sikh forces. Initially, Mughal force got success. However, in later stage, Mughal force was defeated by compbined forces of Kings or rulers of Patiyala, Jeend, Nabh, Bhadora and Malod. Now, the combined force crossed Yamuna River and looted Doon valley very cruelly.

Arriving Garhwal Army in Doon Valley

Garhwal King was a worried King. Lalit Shah was worried about new territories for his sons from Dotiyali wife. Garhwal King Lalit Shah appointed new force in his army with an intention to win new territories. Lalit Shah sent his new army for protecting Doon valley. However, till then Sikhs went back towards Punjab after looting Dehradun. Garhwal King ordered his new army to win over Sirmaur Kingdom. However, Sirmaur Army defeated Garhwal Army.

Raiding on Doon Valley by Rajput and Gurjar

The new force went back to Shrinagar from Doon valley after getting defeat from Sirmaur army.

Now, Rajput forces and Gurjar forces of Saharanpur started raiding on Doon valley. A few commanders collected armed forces in Haridwar, Saharanpur and Meerut. They used to appoint forces on the basis of partition on looted wealth. Regularly Rajputs and Gurjar forces started looting Doon Valley.

The local subjects used to protect themselves from raiders. These looters used to raid on Doon via Timli and Mohan Ghats. When the Khubadgujar Jagirdar became powerful than Pundir, the force of Landhaura Talukedar or Jagirdar or Gurjar chieftain Ramdayal Singh captured that path and started raiding Doon Valley.

Awarding Raiders

When Pundir and other Rajputs and Gurjar Talukedars were busy in raiding Doon valley, Lalit Shah was busy in planning to capture Kumaon for his sons with Joshis of Kumaon Kingdom.

Lalit Shah rewarded the raiders that there would be peace in Doon vaaley. Lalit Shah appointed Gulab Singh Pundir as Jagirdar of twelve villages of Doon valley. Lalit Shah also married his daughter with Gulab Singh that Gulab Singh Pundir would protect the interest of Doon.

Lalit Shah offered Ram Dayal Singh five villages. He offered some villages to Rav (Thokdar) of Khedi ( Haridwar), Rav of Sakrauda (Haridwar) and Rav of Raypur.

Llait Shah appointed son of Gulab Singh Pundir as governor of Doon valley and another Pundir – Peetambar Singh was offered Jagir of two villages in Doon valley.

Campaign of Sirmaur Attack by Lalit Shah

Lalit Shah had more affection for his Dotiyali queen. Lalit Shah did not like his eldest queen and price Jai Krit Shah. The court administrators took advantage of love for Doti queen and hate for eldest queen by the Garhwal King. The supporters of Doti queen became more influential in Garhwal court of Lalit Shah. Lalit Shah promised his Doti queen that her sons would get the throne.

There were two groups –one was supporting Jai Krit Shah as heir of Kingdom and other group was supporter of Pradyumna or Parakram Shah as heirs of Garhwal Kingdom .However, as per Garhwali culture, the eldest son would had right on the crown. Ultimately, Lalit shah had to obey the culture.

Doti queen was furious about Jai Krit Shah being grown as prince of Kingdom. As Dashrath promised his queen Kaikayi, Lalit Shah promised his queen Doti that he would win Sirmaur and Kumaon for her two sons.

Appointing new forces by Lalit Shah

Lalit Shah had plan to conquer Kumaon and Sirmaur for the sons of Dotiyal queen. Lalit Shah collected armed forces on hire from Kumaon, Himachal and other places. These soldiers used to be readily available at any time for anybody.

Attack on Sirmaur

Lalit Shah collected a new army for protecting Dehradun. Lalit Shah ordered his new army to capture Sirmaur Kingdom from Doon.

Garhwal force surrounded Bairat Garh and burnt the fort. After getting Bairat Garh, Garhwal Force attacked on Kalsi fort. Sirmaur army ran away from Kalsi. However, Sirmaur army was busy to defend wherever they got Garhwal army. Sirmaur army defeated Garhwal army everywhere. Garhwal force had to escape from Sirmaur territory.

Garhwal King had to have treaty with Sirmaur King. Garhwal army returned to Shrinagar. The soldiers demanded the salary from Garhwal King. Garhwal treasury did not have money to pay salary for newly appointed force gone to capture Sirmaur. By not getting salary, force threatened disturbing the capital. Lalit shah sold his personal valuables and paid back the salary of new force.

History of Garhwal – Kumaon-Haridwar (Uttarakhand, India) to be continued… Part -414

(The History of Garhwal, Kumaon, Haridwar write up is aimed for general readers)

History of Garhwal from 1223-1804 to be continued in next chapter ….

उत्तराखंडी ई-पत्रिका की गतिविधियाँ ई-मेल पर