Review of Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional Plays part -167
गढ़वाली लोक नाटकों के वाद्य यंत्र
Bhishma Kukreti (Folk Literature Research Scholar)
Bell has many names as Ghanti, Ghandi, Ghandal, Ghanta in Garhwal. Bell has much shape and sizes and is used differently at different places. Bell is mostly used in religious dramas or rituals.
Bell is usually hollow, cup shaped, conical shape but when the bell is made of tin it is cylindrical shape too. Ussualy bell is made of cast metal.
Typical Bell has following parts –
Yolk
Crown
Head
Shoulder
Waist
Sound rim
Lip
Mouth
Clapper
Bead Line
Bell is quite old musical instrument of India and Garhwal.
Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti 7/6/2014
Contact ID -bckukreti@gmail.com
Characteristics of Garhwali Folk Drama, Community Dramas; Folk Theater/Rituals and Traditional to be continued in next chapter
References
1-Bharat Natyashastra
2-Steve Tillis, 1999, Rethinking Folk Drama
3-Roger Abrahams, 1972, Folk Dramas in Folklore and Folk life
4-Tekla Domotor , Folk drama as defined in Folklore and Theatrical Research
5-Kathyrn Hansen, 1991, Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theater of North India
6-Devi Lal Samar, Lokdharmi Pradarshankari Kalayen
7-Dr Shiv Prasad Dabral, Uttarakhand ka Itihas part 1-12
8-Dr Shiva Nand Nautiyal, Garhwal ke Loknritya geet
9-Jeremy Montagu, 2007, Origins and Development of Musical Instruments
10-Gayle Kassing, 2007, History of Dance: An Interactive Arts Approach
11- Bhishma Kukreti, 2013, Garhwali Lok Natkon ke Mukhya Tatva va Charitra, Shailvani, Kotdwara
12- Bhishma Kukreti, 2007, Garhwali Lok Swangun ma rasa ar Bhav , Chithipatri
13-Manorama Sharma, Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi Folk Music
14- Anoop Chandola, 1977, Folk Drumming in Himalaya: A Linguistic Approach to Music
15- Jugal Kishor Petshali, 2002, Uttaranchal ke Lok Vadya
16- Jason Busniewski, Bagpiping in the Indian Himalaya
17- Ian Woodfield, 2000, Music of the Raj
18-Stefen Fiol, 2008, Constructing Regionalism: Discourses of Spirituality and Cultural Poverty in Music of Uttarakhand, North India
19- Andrew Alter, Mountainous Sound Spaces-Listening to History and Music in the Uttarakhand Himalayas
XX
Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Pauri Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Chamoli Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Rudraprayag Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Tehri Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Uttarkashi Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Dehradun Garhwal, Himalaya, North India; Ghandi , Ghanti, Ghanta or Bell: A Percussion and Idiophone Musical instrument used in Garhwali Folk Dramas from Haridwar, Garhwal, Himalaya, North India;
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