Kirayedar: A Garhwali Drama about lost and found

Kirayedar: A Garhwali Drama about lost and found

(Review of a Modern Garhwali Drama ‘Kirayedar’ written by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna)

Notes on Modern Indian Dramas, Modern North Indian Dramas, Modern Himalayan Dramas Modern Uttarakhandi Dramas, Modern Garhwali Dramas

                                                      By Bhishma Kukreti

                             'Kirayedar’ is about perception that Badri Datt Joshi is dead due to falling into melting furnace in metal factory. However, after many years, Joshi comes to meet his ex-wife who is now Mrs. Batra. Badri Datt Joshi reveals many secrets and gets many new revelations about Mrs. Batra.

                              ‘Kirayedar’ is one of the weakest dramas by Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna as is not effective in showing the basic reason for writing this drama.          

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti

Notes on Modern Indian Dramas, Modern North Indian Dramas, Modern Himalayan Dramas Modern Uttarakhandi Dramas, Modern Garhwali Dramas

Kaunlbaai Jhadno Mantra: A Folk Ritual /Religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice of Garhwal Kumaun -

 Kaunlbaai Jhadno Mantra: A Folk Rituals /Religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice of Garhwal -Kumaun

Notes on Indian Folk Rituals  /religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, North Indian Folk Ritual/Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Himalayan Folk Rituals / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Uttarakhandi Folk Rituals / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Kumauni Folk Ritual / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Garhwali Folk Ritual / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice

                       Bhishma Kukreti

 

                    Folk Rituals /Religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice in Maya civilization      

                   Colby Benjamin (2004) provides great details of curing by herbs and using rituals of Maya civilization for curing jaundice disease.  The folk rituals and religious folk songs in Maya culture differ region to region. First, a medicinal man used to precede all the foresight and decided the day of ceremony by seeing divine calendar.  During the expulsion of jaundice evil ceremony, there used to be singing of folk rituals and sacrifices as human or chicken blood and food/ornament offer.

                    Folk Rituals /Religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice among Kolams tribes     

              Robin D. Tribhuvan in his book ‘Health of Primitive Tribes’ divide healing the disease folk rituals among Kolams as-

1-Healing Folk rituals of diagnosis as diagnosis of jaundice

2-Folk rituals of interpreting the origin and causes of illness as jaundice

3- Folk rituals for collecting medicines for example for jaundice

4- Folk rituals for administrating medicines as for expulsing jaundice

5- Folk rituals for healing or warding of disease as jaundice

6- Folk rituals for thanks giving

      Folk Rituals /Religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice among Lithuanians

         Sophie Reynolds describes that Lithuanians in old age used to use herbal treatments, used folk rituals as incanting prayers. Such folk rituals were also common for curing jaundice in Lithuanians.

        In Garhwal and Kumaun, in older time the Mantrik used to perform folk rituals and rites and the medicine man used to provide herbal medicines for curing jaundice.

The mantra or folk ritual for curing jaundice is as under:

Kaunlbaai Jhadno Mantra: A garhwali Folk Ritual /Religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice of garhwal

पीलिया (कौंळ बाई ) झाड़ने का मंत्र

 

 

ॐ प्रथम कोरकी राजा , कोरकी राजा को फोर्की राजा ,

फोर्की राजा को किबारी राजा, किबारी राजा को रावण मंडली,

रावण मंडली को राजा रावण कि जन्मी सात कन्या

औशाली , बैशाली , मेघमाला , रायकेला, जाकेला, कौलतिथि, कौंळबाई,

झड़ी जा बैणी ,कौंळबाई झड़ी ना जाई ट पिता रावण को पाप जाई, बड़ा बिभीषण को

पाप जाई, काका कुम्भकर्ण को पाप जाई , दादा इंदु का पाप जाई, गौंत

को छीड़ो, कडुवा तेल की धार, जब को जोड़ो , कांश की काळी झड़ी

जा बैण कौंळबाई झड़ी नी जाई तो महादेव पार्वती के दुहाई , हनुमंत बीर

तेरी केर , सिर चढी , पेट पड़ी , तो पंचनाम देवतों कि कार पड़ी ,

फॉर मंत्र इश्वरो वाच:

Reference: Dr Nandkishor Dhoundiyal, Dr. Manorama Dhoundiyal Garhwali Lokmantra (ek Sanklan)

Himadri Prakashan, Kotdwara

Collected by

Sandeep ishtwal, Isodi, Mvalsyun, Pgarhwal,

DhairyaRam Baudai , Bharpoor, Sabali, P Garhwal

Girish Chandra Dabral, Dabar, Dabralsyun, P.Garhwal

Keshvanand Maindola, Sidhpur, Rikhnikhal, P Garhwal

Ghuttaram Jagri, Bilkot, Nanindandaa, P Garhwal

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti

Notes on Indian Folk Rite / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, North Indian Folk Rite / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Himalayan Folk Rite / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Uttarakhandi Folk Rite / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Kumauni Folk Rite / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice, Garhwali Folk Rite / religious Folk Song for Curing Jaundice to be continued…

धीत-परतीत :A Garhwali Poem By Dr Narendra gauniyal

धीत-परतीत *******

 

रचनाकार - डॉ नरेन्द्र गौनियाल

ये मुल्का पञ्च-परवाण
क्वी नवाण -क्वी पुराण
क्वी ठगणी कु ठग
क्वी जाति कु ठग
झूठ-परपंच
मुख्य सरपंच
आदर्शों कि बात
बुसे गे रात
सेवाभाव स्वार्थों माँ रळी गे
कर्तव्यभाव कामचोरी माँ गळी गे
देशभक्ति रुपयों माँ बिकी गे
प्रेम-सौहार्द धर्म-पंथ माँ बँटी गे
भाई-बंदी जात-पांत माँ हर्ची गे
पिठ्या-ल्वटी का भै
बिन बात लड़ना छन
अर सिर्फ अपणो
स्वार्थ  द्यखणा छन
न मंख्यात न भयात
न प्रीत न मीत
न क्वी
धीत-परतीत ..........................

Copyright@ डॉ नरेन्द्र गौनियाल 

काण्ड लागल यीं बेमौसम की बरखा पर A Satire in Garhwali

Satire in Garhwali

 

                 काण्ड लागल यीं  बेमौसम की बरखा पर

 

 

                              भीष्म कुकरेती

 

 

             हम बि जाणदा छंवां  बल सुबेर बिटेन स्याम तलक आप एकी खबर तैं सौ दें ब्रेकिंग न्यूज

क नाम से फगोसे गे होल्या, चित्त पड्या  ह्वेल्या.

           तुमारि पळेकि  बिसौण  अर मुंड मा सेळि, जिकुड़ी मा  छ्पछ्पी पडाळणो  बान द ल्या अब मौसम कि जानकारी.

अच्काल विरोधी पार्टी क औडळ बीडळ बन्द च किलैकि  जो काम विरोधी पार्टी तैं करण चयेणो छौ वो अब या त

न्यूज चैनेल करणा छन  या सरकारी कर्मचारी 'सरकारी भ्रष्ट नीति अर भ्रष्ट कामुं' न्यूज लीक कौरिक लोकसभा अर राज्य सभा मा औडळ बीडळ लाणा छन.

सरकारी नेता विरोधी पार्टी अर विदेसी ताकतूं  पर भगार को छत्रा पैरणो मजबूर च पण ये छत्रा पर इथगा दुंळ हुंयाँ  छन बल  सरकार

रुझणि त छें इ च दगड मा ये 'सरकारी भ्रष्ट नीति अर भ्रष्ट कामुं' बथौं  से नांगी बि ह्व़े जांदी. आर. टी. आई. की नै ग्लेसियर पिघळण से बि नयो किस्मौ

बथौं  आन्द अर क्या राज्य सरकार क्या केन्द्रीय सरकार द्विई नंगा  ह्व़े जान्दन. सरकारी अर विरोधी पक्ष यीं नंगई कि   बीमारी से परेशान छन.

 इन सुणण म आई   बल सरकार अर विरोधी दल मीलिक राजनीतक मनिखों नंगाई ढकणो बान अमेरिकी व्यापारियुं से मदद लीणो छन.

राजनीतक मनिखों नंगाई  ढकणो बान  अच्काल विरोधी अर सत्ता पक्ष को एक गौळ पाणी हुयुं च .

 

            अन्ना हजारे अर टीम का ढांडऊँ की मार से सबि राजनीतिक दलूं   अर सरकारी कर्मचार्युं  मुंड रोज फुट्याणो च. इन सुणन मा आई बल

जो बजट सचेकी ढांड रुकणो  बान छौ वु बजट अब अन्ना हजारे अर टीम का ढांडऊँ की मार रुकणो बान खरच करे जालो .

 

                ब्रेकिंग न्यूज !  .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज!  सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! कर्टसी टु  हैंको न्यूज चेनेल

 

अबि अबि हमारो खबरनवीसन खबर दे बल रक्षा मंत्रालय क ऐंच  'आर्मी चीफ को खुलासा' नाम को नयो बादल फटी गे. आज तक इतिहास मा 'आर्मी चीफ 'नाम को

बादल कबि नि फटी.  .

ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज! सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! कर्टसी टु हैंको न्यूज चेनेल

 

 'आर्मी चीफ को खुलासा' नाम को नयो बादल फटण से आम भारतीय जनता की गर्व वळी फसल को बड़ो नुकसान होण वाळ च .

ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज! सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! कर्टसी टु हैंको न्यूज चेनेल

 

'आर्मी चीफ को खुलासा' नाम को नयो बादल फटण से लोकसभा अर राज्यसभा मा बि पाणी भोरे गे अर द्वी सदन भोळ तक स्थगित ह्व़े गेन (फोटो कर्टसी

टु हैंको न्यूज चेनेल )

 

ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज! सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! कर्टसी टु हैंको न्यूज चेनेल

 

बंगाल की खाड़ी मा ममता नाम को डिप्रेसन फिर ऐ गे अर कोंग्रेस भवन मा अन्ध्यरु ह्व़े गे . ममता नाम को डिप्रेसन से जो अन्ध्यरु होंद बल वांको तोड़

सिरफ़ ममता नाम को डिप्रेसन मा इ च. हालाँकि कोंग्रेस मा मुलायम  नाम को एंटी ममता डिप्रेसन मिसाइल बि च पण इन माने जांद बल  मुलायम  नाम को

 एंटी ममता डिप्रेसन मिसाइल,  ममता डिप्रेसन से जादा खराब च . ममता नाम को डिप्रेसन तैं कोंग्रेसी सम्बाळि सकदन पण मुलायम नाम को

एंटी  डिप्रेसन मिसाइल जु बिगडी गे कोन्ग्रेसौ जहाज पुरो  डूबि जान्द। एक दें नरसिम्हा राव न मुलायम नाम को  डिप्रेसन मिसाइल 

प्रयोग कौरी छौ त उत्तर परदेस मा कौंग्रेसौ  नाव इन बौगी कि आज तलक कौंग्रेसौ नाव को पता इ नि चलणो च कि कोंगेसी नाव कख हर्ची .

राहुल गांधी अर प्रियंका गांधी द्वी नामी खुजनेर कथगा सालुं से खोज मा लग्यां छन पण कथा इ  पुठया जोर/कोशिश का बाबजूद उत्तरप्रदेस मा

मुलायम नाम को डिप्रेसन अर मायवती नाम क औडळ बीडळ क वजै से  कौंग्रेसौ नाव  खुज्याण मा नि आई. कोंग्रेस अर केन्द्रीय सरकार

को  कथगा इ बजट ख़तम ह्व़े गे पण कौंग्रेसौ नाव खुज्याण मा नि आणी च.

 

ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज! सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! कर्टसी टु क्वी मद्रासी न्यूज चेनेल

 

अबि अबि खबर मील कि तमिलनाडु मा समोदरो छाल पर करूणानिधि नामको बथौं ऐ गे.जां से यू पे ए. टेंट उखड़णो खतरा पैदा ह्व़े गे

ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज! सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! कर्टसी टु क्वी अंगरेजी न्यूज चेनेल

अबि अबि पता चौल बल यू.पी.ए  सरकार न   करूणानिधि नामको बथौं से बचणो उपाय कौरी आल अर यू.पी.ए का सबी बड़ा लोकुंन  मुंड जमीन मा घुसे दे

अर यू.पी.ए क टेंट  करूणानिधि नामको बथौं से बची गे.

 

ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज! सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! कर्टसी टु क्वी अमेरिकी  न्यूज चेनेल

 

अबि अबि पता चौल बल मंहगाई क लू अर गरम हवा से यू.पी.ए सरकार तैं असह्य पीड़ा होणि च.  अमेरिका अर जापान से आई.एम्.ऍफ़  अर वर्ल्ड बैंक का

सलाहकार डाक्टरी बेस मा आणा छन अर सब्युं तैं आस च कि आई.एम्.ऍफ़ अर वर्ल्ड बैंक का सलाहकार यू.पी.ए सरकार कि असह्य पीड़ा बान लोन /उधार जन गोळी

इन्जेक्सन  द्याला. हालांकि यूँ गोळयूँ  से भारत अर गरीब देसूं पर क्वी फाइनेंसियल  बैंकरप्सी कैंसर जन बीमारी ता जन्म खुणि लगी जांद पण मंहगाई क लू अर गरम हवा से

थ्वडा देर सेळि  बान लोन /उधार जन गोळी-इन्जेक्सन इ अच्काल् काम आन्दन . भोळ कि चिन्ता  बिसार दे, अब्याकी सेळि क सोच!  

 

 ब्रेकिंग न्यूज ! .सबसे पैलि हमारा चेनेल मा ब्रेकिंग न्यूज . एक्स्क्लुजिब न्यूज ! ब्रेकिंग न्यूज! सिरफ़ हमारा चेनेल मा ! पी.टी आई कि ब्याळे खबर

 

अब चूंकि सौब चेनेल यीं खबर दिखाणा चन त हम बि किलै पैथर रौंवां ?

पैल ये मौसम मा गरीबी क जथगा बरखा होंदी छे ए साल गरीबी  क बरखा बूंदा बूंदी ही होली .

किलैकि सरकार न  अब गरीबी क सीमा काम करी दे . बरखा त उथगा इ होली पण कुछ बरखा तैं अबभ पौवर्टी लैन मा माने जालो  अर कुछ तैं

ब्यलो  पौवर्टी लैन माने जालो. गरीबी कि कम बरखा क होण से आई.एम्.ऍफ़ अर वर्ल्ड बैंक वाळु न भारतीय योजना आयोग  तैं इनाम दीणे घोसणा कौरी याल.  

बेमौसम बरखा या औडळ बीडळ से सरकारी पक्ष तै जुकाम , नजला , खसरा जन भौं भौं बीमारी ह्व़े गेन त  विरोधी पार्टयूँ क नेताओं मा भुकणो बीमारी हौर बढी गे   

 

 आज कुणि इथगा इ.

 

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti

Tilpatar: a Garhwali Drama about the Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes

Tilpatar: a Garhwali Drama about the Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes  

(Review of ‘Tilpatar’ a Garhwali drama by playwright Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna)

Notes on Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Asian Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Indian Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in North Indian Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Himalayan Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Uttarakhandi Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Garhwali Dramas

                                              By Bhishma Kukreti

             A Garhwali drama ‘Tilpatar’ written for radio medium by playwright Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna opens many psychological fields and also talks about hurting by old custom to common man. ‘Tilpatar’ drama has main characters Bahuguna, Uniyal, Dangwal and Dobhal; assisting characters Mrs. Bahuguna and Mrs. Dobhal all reside in Nagpur. Once, Bahuguna, Uniyal, Dangwal and Dobhal were four topmost Brahmin casts called ‘Chauthu Baman’ (group of four Brahmin castes). Initially, Uniyal, Dangwal and Dobhal characters talk about old glory of these four topmost Brahmin castes in Garhwal. In fact the talk is the real expression of Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna himself about changes took place suddenly in Garhwal and other parts of India that Bahuguna, Uniyal, Dangwal and Dobhal are no more respected by other Garhwali casts as these four casts were recognized in old time.  This type of pain is still found among upper Brahmin castes, Rajput Thokdar for their old glories of recognition and surprisingly such pain is found among high profile Shilpkars too who were recognized much in past for their craftsmanship.

              The focus of drama is on the hurting by old custom of Garhwal. Bahuguna keeps his wife locked when he goes out. Uniyal, Dangwal and Dobhal criticize Bahuguna for his inhumanly behavior to lock his beautiful wife. However, when Bahuguna and his wife reveal the real cause behind this behavior of Bahuguna, all feel sorry for old custom of Chauth Brahmins.

                          Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna successfully could deal the mental agonies of Chauth Brahmins for losing the old glory of recognition in the society and at the same time he could come to the main point of drama.

               The dialogues are full of old and new proverbs those make the drama interesting. The playwright also shows the binding among migrated Garhwalis of sixties and their behavioral pattern in Nagpur or Delhi, Mumbai.

1-Dr Anil Dabral, Garhwali Gady Parampara (for finding Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Contemporary Garhwali Dramas from beginning till 1990)

2-Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Gad Myateki Ganga (for finding Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Contemporary Garhwali dramas from beginning till 1975)

3-Dr Sudharani, Garhwal ka  Rangmanch (for finding Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Contemporary  Garhwali Dramas from beginning till 1985)

4-Drama special issue of Chitthi Patri magazine (for finding Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Contemporary Garhwali Dramas and plays staged in Delhi, Karachi, Mumbai, Dehradun and other places)

5- Dr Hari Datt Bhatt Shailesh, Garhwali Natak evam Rangmanch: Ek Vihngam Avlokan (for finding Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Contemporary Garhwali Drams and theatres from beginning till 1985)

6-Dr Bhakt Darshan: Barrister Mukandi Lal Srmriti Granth (for finding Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Contemporary Garhwali dramatists or theatres playwrights till 1985

8- Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna,1986,  ‘Chakrchal’ , 16 Contemporary Garhwali Drama collection for finding Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in , B2 -B48, Janakpuri, New Delhi -110058

Copyright@ Bhishm Kukreti, Mumbai, India

Notes on Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Asian Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Indian Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in North Indian Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Himalayan Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Uttarakhandi Dramas, Hurting by Old Tradition and Agonizing from Changes in Garhwali Dramas to be continued….

Been (बीं): A Mile Stone in the History of Garhwali Literature and Garhwali Literary Criticism

Been (बीं): A Mile Stone in the History of Garhwali Literature and Garhwali Literary Criticism

(Review of ‘Been’ (बीं) a collection of Literary Criticism Notes on Garhwali literature by Virendra Panwar)

 

Notes on Asian languages Literary Criticism, Indian Literary Criticism, North Indian Languages Literary Criticism, Himalayan languages Literary Criticism, Uttarakhandi languages Literary Criticism, Garhwali Literary Criticism

                                                   Bhishma Kukreti

 

                Been a collection of reviews of forty books by Virendra Panwar is a historical and a celebration book for Garhwali language literature.  Till right now, the criticism in Garhwali literature was thought as a secondary aspect of literature. However, ‘Been’ will make criticism a very serious aspect of creativity and research in Garhwali literature.

               Virendra Panwar has been reviewing poetry and prose books since 2000. In an interview with this author, Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna named a brilliant gem among nine gems of Garhwali criticism.  Literature creative are aware that criticism is to facilitate readers to understand and realize the writings whose effects might otherwise have been unduly limited.  There is also no doubt that critics can’t reduce the original text. Virendra Panwar is knowledgeable, insightful and fair minded and fulfils the basic requirement for a reputed critic. .  The criticism of forty books in ‘Been’ criticism collection by Virendra certainly establishes that Virendra Panwar has been successful to mediate the reviewed literature with readers   and readers definitely find new range of interest, enjoyment and making relationship with the author while reading the actual text.  

          Due to various reasons, the criticism in Garhwali language started only after 1976 and more after 1989. Before, 1976, the writers used to write criticism in Hindi. Thus, the criticism branch of Garhwali literature is very new.  Since, mostly, the learning medium for Garhwalis in schools and colleges is Hindi; there is had been hundred percent shadow of Hindi criticism on Garhwali language criticism style. Garhwali critics have borrowed the vocabulary of Hindi criticism and all literature creative accepted this fact too.   However, there has been an endeavor from a couple of Garhwali critics who are in search of words of Garhwali to fit in criticism and which could be applied by other creative too. The readers will be happy to note that Virendra Panwar is one of the rare critics who are trying infusing Garhwali phrases for Garhwali criticism literature. The readers will find this development in the critical essays of 2002 (Awaj) , 2008 (Ghanghtol) and 2011 (Jyundal) of  Virendra Panwar that he is attempting to create an exclusivity in the Garhwali criticism literature.

            The Garhwali literature is oriented towards religious, social and political values. Hence, it is obvious that   Virendra Panwar   measures the literature from the point of view of philosophy, social values and political values.  Virendra Panwar uses all three types of criticism -aesthetic, descriptive and normative criticism as and where it is needed. Criticisms of poetry, prose or any literary conference as ‘Kavi sammelan’ by Virendra Panwar reveal that Virendra has the in-depth capacity of examining or analyzing the subject and literature. The forty articles in this volume are witness that Panwar takes care about digging the geographical, historical and social settings with their effects in the poems or prose. Virendra Panwar has sharp eyes to find the main characters; secondary characters; their inter-relation with each other, the struggle, and the conflicts of a particular poem/poem collection or prose book.

         Reading between the lines is major job for a critic and Virendra shows his capability in doing so from the beginning.

               Virendra’s reviews reveal the style, grammar, wordings, subject in the literature. At the same time, Virendra Panwar has also been evolving his own style of criticism with the time and need of the readers. This his own thrust on evolving his own style makes him relevant all the time in Garhwali criticism.

           As a critic, this author knows that the biggest problem a Garhwali critic faces for telling the black as black and white as white. However, Virendra took the job of a critic as critic and not only praising the literature creation. Virendra has shown many negative points in his various critical essays. He had to get unfriendliness from the writers when Virendra showed negative points in the particular collection. However, it is reality and this is where a critic has to live in a paradox.

      The last essay about characteristics of Garhwali literature from Dhanga se sakshatkat (1980) till date definitely puts new light on Garhwali literature and is certainly a new example in Garhwali criticism.

 The contribution of Virendra Panwar in criticism will always be remembered as the world literature creative remember the work s of Marcel Arland, Geoffrey Benington, Daiches David, Denish Holier,  Millod Hmida,  Venteseslav Konstantinov, August Ahlqvist, Toni Jerrman, Jovan Skerlic, Hugo Achugar, Jorge Medina, Hanan Ashrawi , Ihab Hassan, Pablo Antonio Cuadra, Oscar Coello, Manthia Diawara, Alfonso Chase,   Niyi Osundare, Chinua Achebe, Jose  Simoes Dias, Rexhep Qosja, Wai-Lim yap, Karoly Molter, Otto Maria Carpeaux, Istavan Blazsetin, Arne Novak, O.S. Urdaneta, Murat Belge, Abdul Nabi Isstaif, I.F. Ismail , Ivan Drach. 

        There was a gap for Garhwali critical literature for a comprehensive book on exclusive subject of criticism in Garhwali language and ‘Been’ is successful not only filling the gap but ‘ Been’ is a milestone in the history of Garhwali literature.

‘Been’ (बीं)

Bu Virendra Panwar

(Garhwali Bhasha ka Pahla Sameeksha Sangrah) , 2012

Dhad Prakashan, Dehradun

Virendra Panwar 09897840537

virendra.pauri@gmail.com

Copyright@ Bhishma Kukreti

Notes on Asian languages Literary Criticism, Indian Literary Criticism, North Indian Languages Literary Criticism, Himalayan languages Literary Criticism, Uttarakhandi languages Literary Criticism, Garhwali Literary Criticism to be continued…..